氮素与品种对小麦产量和品质性状的效应

Effects of Nitrogen and Variety on Yield and Quality Traits of Winter Wheat

选用产量和品质性状存在差异的四个小麦品种济南17、PH 82-2-2、PH 97-4、PH 97-5,在两种施氮量和两个追肥时期下,研究了氮素与品种对小麦产量和品质性状的效应。结果表明,施氮量、追肥时期、品种及因素间互作对小麦产量的贡献率分别为20.69%、18.44%、48.66%、12.01%,对蛋白质含量的贡献率分别为0.01%、0.26%、97.25%、2.49%,几种因素都显著影响小麦产量。对蛋白质含量而言,品种起了决定性的作用。小麦的加工品质主要取决于品种的遗传特性,品种对加工品质的贡献率依次为沉淀值、硬度、面团稳定时间、吸水率、面团形成时间、降落值、容重,其中沉淀值、硬度、面团稳定时间、吸水率来源于品种的贡献大于98%,可以作为衡量小麦加工品质性状的可靠依据。

The effects of nitrogen and variety on yield and quality traits of winter wheat were investigated under the condition of two N rates and two top dressing stages, with four varieties （Jinan17, PH82-2-2, PH97-4, PH97-5） with different quality traits. The results indicated that the contribution rates of N rate, top dressing stage, variety and factor interaction to yield were 20. 69%, 18.44%, 48.66%, 12.01%, respectively; and the ones to protein content were 0. 011%, 0.26%, 97.25%, 2.49%, respectively. All factors significantly affected yield of winter wheat, whereas protein content and processing quality of winter wheat were decided by genotype. The contribution rate of variety to processing quality traits ranked as the following order, sedimentation volume, hardness, stability time, water absorption, developing time, falling number, and volume weight. Sedimentation volume and hardness and stability time and water absorption of variety could contribute over 98% and were able to estimate processing quality credibly.