旱地覆膜对小麦干物质积累及转运特性的影响

Effects of Film Mulching on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transportation Characteristics of Wheat in Dryland Area

为了解地膜小麦增产的生理机制,以西农4504、小偃22两个冬小麦品种为材料,进行覆膜和不覆膜处理,对覆膜小麦花后同化物的积累及转运特性进行了研究。结果表明,覆膜小麦花后单茎绿叶数较多,单茎绿叶面积较大,叶片叶绿素含量高于对照,叶中M DA含量低于对照,干物质积累总量增加,花前和花后干物质转运量均比对照低,转运率为花前比对照低,而花后比对照高,同化物对籽粒的贡献率花前比对照低,而花后比对照高,因而覆膜提高了叶片光合能力,延缓叶片衰老,有利于光合产物的合成和花后同化物向籽粒的转运。

Two kinds of the winter wheat Xinong 4504 and Xiaoyan 22 were planted with film mulching treatments. The results showed that more green leaf number and larger green leaf area could be observed in film-mulching wheat. The chlorophyll content in the leaves of the film-mulching treatment decreased slower. The MDA content in the leaves increased slower than that of CK. These suggested the film-mulching wheat senesced slowly, and could provide physiological basis for the more photoassimilation. The total amount of dry matter accumulation in the film mulching wheat were obviously higher than that of CK, but the assimilation transfer amount before and after anthesis were both lower than these of CK, while the photoassimilates ratio transfered to the grains after anthesis were all higher than that of CK. These results showed that one of the main effects of the film-mulching wheat grain was enhancing the photoassimilates transportation after anthesis.