优良观赏树种大叶樟引种苗期试验

The Nursery Performance of Introduced Cinnamomum platyphllum

2002～2004年在南京、江都、无锡等地引种大叶樟试验表明,苗期高生长呈现单峰形,5～6月开始生长,7～9月速生,7月呈现峰值,10月生长下降后趋于停滞.生长与气温、湿度和光照关系密切,显著或极显著正相关.苗期1～2 a与当地香樟一样在-7℃极端低温下有较重冻害,但冻害轻于香樟;3 a时苗木冻害显著减轻,5 a时未见明显冻害.1～2 a生苗树高年均净生长量达0.83～0.99 m,3 a达0.95 m,5 a达0.85～0.98 m,显示出速生潜力.5 a生苗平均树高达4.26～4.88 m,胸径5.8～6.5 cm,冠幅2.0～2.5 m,已达城市行道绿化和园林绿化出圃标准.苗木耐湿性较强,在地面淹水20 h,深10 cm的情况下,1 a移植苗未见受害.引种苗期1～3 a和幼龄初期5 a未见明显病虫害.由此认为,大叶樟是樟科生长适应性较强的常绿观赏阔叶树,可在南京及苏南地区城市森林建设、园林绿化中扩大应用.

Cinnamomum platyphllum were introduced to 3 northern subtropical areas such as Nanjing, Jiangdu and Wuxi from mid subtropical area Xinnin, Hunan province from 2002 to 2004. The growth traits and adaptabilities of introduced Cinnamomum platyphllum at seedlings stage were studied in this paper. The pattern of stem elongation of 1-year-old seedling seemed to be a single peak curve, with growth initiation in May, growth peak attainment in July, and growth termination in October. A significant positive correlation was found between growth and temperature, moisture and light intensity. Like the native specie of Cinnamomum comphora, 1-2-year-old seedlings of Cinnamomum platyphllum had severe freezing damage under temperature of - 7℃, while 3- year-old seedlings much better, and 5-year-old seedlings no freezing damage. The yearly increment of height growth of 1 - 2a, 3a, 5a were 0.83 - 0.99m, 0.95m, 0.85 - 0.98m respectively. The average height, DBH and crown width of 5-year-old seedling were 4.26 - 4.88m, 5.8 - 6.5cm and 2.0 - 2.5m respectively. Cinnamomum camphora showed rather good virtue both in flood tolerance and in insect ＆ disease resistance. Cinnamomumm camphora could be a potential ornamental specie in northern subtropical alea.