前置库技术在水库水源地面源污染控制中的应用

APPLICATION OF PRETANK TECHNOLOGY IN THE NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL OF HEADWATER AREA OF RESERVOIR

近年来,农业面源污染对水库水源地的水质保护形成了威胁。为防治环境污染,保护水库水源地水体的水质,充分发挥资源的生产潜力,对水库水源地保护区进行面源污染控制尤显重要。前置库技术因其费用较低,可以多方受益、适合多种条件等优点,是目前防治水库水源地保护区内面源污染的有效途径之一。在考虑水库水源地特有的地形特点及其面源污染的突发性、大流量等问题的基础上,阐述了前置库系统的组成并解释其水质净化机理,提出了前置库如何选址及其库容的确定,并对前置库内部生态系统及水生生物配套工程的建设加以分析说明,最后提出了前置库技术在应用过程中存在的局限性。这种因地制宜的水污染治理技术,对减少水库外源有机污染负荷,特别是去除入库地表径流中的氮、磷安全有效,具有广泛的应用前景。

In recent years, the agricultural nonpoint pollution has threatened the water quality protection of headwater area in reservoir. To prevent the environmental pollution, protect the water quality of the ground water body,and to exert enough the productive potentialities of resources, it is important to control nonpoint pollution in the protection zone of headwater area of a reservoir at present. Pretank technology is one of the effective ways to prevent the nonpoint pollution in headwater area of reservoirs because it has such advantages as low expenses, suitable for many kinds of conditions. According to the special geographical characters and some characters of the nonpoint pollution in headwater area of reservoirs, this paper explains the composition of pretank and its water quality purification mechanism, proposes the capacity of a reservoir and site selection for pretank,and analyses detailedly pretank ecosystem and aquatic biological construction. Furthermore, this paper put forward the limitation of pretank in the course of usge. Owing to pretank technology which can reduce pollution load organically outside reservoir, especially the nitrogen, phosphorus in the stream that flows into reservoirs, this technology has extensive potential application prospects.