免疫反应的调节

Regulation of Immune Responses

广义的免疫系统由非特异性免疫屏障和特异性免疫系统组成。非特异性免疫屏障包括皮肤、粘膜、白细胞吞噬系统和补体系统等。特异性免疫系统是现代免疫学研究的重点,其核心组份是淋巴细胞。特异性免疫的最大特点是它既能识别特异的抗原;特异性免疫系统对自身组织和抗原有耐受性,即无反应性。这种对自身抗原的耐受性和对异抗原的免疫性构成了机体有效的防御系统。

The most dominant feature of the immune system is that it can distinguish between self and non-self antigens,i.e.,it is responsive to non-self antigens and tolerant to self antigens. Antigen processing and presentation are two major steps in the regulation of immune re- sponses,which pathways have been defined:one is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ⅰ-restricted pathway and the other is the MHC class Ⅱ-restricted pathway.