鸡舍空气真菌浓度及多样性研究

DIVERSITY AND CONCENTRATION OF AIRBORNE FUNGI IN CHICKEN HOUSE

采用6级Andersen生物空气采样器和常用真菌计数培养基,对鸡舍空气真菌的浓度和多样性进行了研究.空气样本经培养、计数和纯化共鉴定出78种真菌,以有丝分裂孢子真菌为主,优势真菌类群为Cladosporium,Penicillium,Aspergillus,Candida,Alternaria及Fusarium等,其中包括A.flavus,A.fumigatus,A.niger及F. sporotrichioides等在内的10余种禽类病原真菌.鸡舍内空气真菌的平均浓度为2.3×103 CFU/m3.A.flavus,A.fumigatus及A.niger在鸡舍空气中的浓度相对较高.鸡舍空气真菌呈对数正态分布,Cladosporium,Penicillium及Aspergillus主要分布在C和D级(3.0～6.0μm),A和B级(＞6.0μm)及E和F级(＜3.0μm)相对较少.此外,还分离到出现频率较低但对公众健康构成潜在危害的病原真菌,如Candida albicans,Histoplasma capsulatum,Cryptococcus neoformans及Coccidioidesimmitis等.本研究结果为控制禽类真菌病提供预警资料和制定防治措施提供科学依据.

The diversity and concentration of airborne fungi in chicken house were investigated by means of 6-stage Andersen air sampler and common fungal counting media.78 fungal species were identified from air samples after incubation, count and purification, they are mainly mitosporic fungi. Cladosporiumr, Penicillium, Aspergillusr, Candidar, Alternaria and Fusarium were the predominant fungal genera, including ten species of avian pathogenic fungi, such as A. flavus, A. fumigatus;, A. niger and F. sporotrichioides et al. The average concentration of airborne fungi in the chicken house was 2.3 × 10^3 CFU/m^3.The concentrations of A. flavus, A. fumigatus and A. niger were relatively higher in the air of chicken house. The distribution of airborne fungi in the chicken house shows normal logarithm, the spores of Cladosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillus were mainly distributed within C and D stages （3.0-6.01am）, while relatively less within A and B stages（〉6.01am） as well as E and F stage （〈3.0μm）. On the other hand, C. albicans;, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans and Coccidioides immitisr, which occur uncommonly but pose potential threat to public health. The result provides alerting data for controlling the avian mycosis and scientific basis for making preventive and cure measures.