摘要
自然保护主义者认为由于没有当地人的合作和支持,许多保护区未来的发展前景已经受到限制,特别是发展中国家。自从20世纪80年代以来,保护和发展相结合计划(ICDP)试图使公园管理与地方的需要和愿望相一致,但结果通常令人失望。然而,在不违背保护目标的前提下,取得地方的合作和支持仍然是公园管理的首要任务。幸运的是,来自ICDP的经验教训为下一轮生物多样性保护计划,包括那些有关脱贫计划,以及在生态系统和景观尺度上实施的计划,提供了一次重要的借鉴机会。较新和有希望的措施已经开始将适应性管理、新的利益相关者参与模式和将站点层次的工作与政策制订和制度出台等内容结合进来。
Conservationists recognize that many protected areas have limited future prospects without the cooperation and support of local people,especially in developing countries.Since the 1980s Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) have attempted to reconcile park management with local needs and aspirations,usually with disappointing results. Achieving Iocal cooperation and support without jeopardizing conservation goals remains a top priority for parks,however.Fortunately,the lessons from the ICDP experience provide an important opportunity to inform the next generation of biodiversity conservation programs, including those concerned with poverty alleviation as well as those working at ecosystem and landscape scales.More recent and more promising approaches have started to incorporate elements of adaptive management,new partnership models with stakeholders and the vertical integration of site-level work with policy initiatives and institutional development.
