缓变型地球化学灾害:特征、模型和应用

Delayed geochemical hazards:Characteristics,modeling and application.

“缓变型地球化学灾害”是通过长期积累而存在于土壤或沉积物中的包括重金属和有机污染物在内的环境污染物,因环境物理化学条件(例如温度、pH值、湿度、有机质含量等)的改变减小了环境容量,某种或某些形态的污染物大量地被重新活化和突然释放出来并造成严重生态和环境损害的灾害现象。这种灾害具有明显的特征,其定量数学模型可较完整地概括出环境系统从“干净”到“污染”再到“灾害”的整个过程,可以用于灾害的风险概率评估、预测、灾害爆发轨迹等方面的研究,为土壤污染防治和灾害预警提供了定量研究工具和可供实际采用的基本手段,对当前国土资源调查中的“生态环境地球化学评价”具有重要的借鉴意义。

Delayed geochemical hazard （DGH） is a kind of serious ecological and environmental hazard caused by long-term accumulated pollutant that reactivated suddenly and released sharply from stable species to active ones in soil or sediment system due to the change of physical-chemical conditions （such as temperature, pH, Eh, moisture and the concentrations of organic matters, etc） or the decrease of environment capacity. The hazard has profound intrinsic characteristics, and can be expressed as a nonlinear polynomial, which provides a practical tool for assessment and early-warning of the hazard. Thus, it is of great significance for the ＂Ecological and Environmental Geochemistry Mapping Plan＂.