地下水污染脆弱性评价方法

Groundwater contamination vulnerability assessment.

地下水污染脆弱性是指污染物自顶部含水层以上某一位置到达地下水系统中某一特定位置的趋势和可能性,进一步分为固有脆弱性和特殊脆弱性。地下水污染脆弱性受地下水流系统和地球化学系统的影响和控制。其主要评价方法有主观分级评价法、统计或基于过程的评价法和综合评价法三大类。中国地下水污染脆弱性评价已有很好的工作基础,评价工作中应以地下水系统为单元,以饮用水井、集中供水水源地、区域含水层系统的补给区为重点保护目标,评价方法应综合区域地下水流系统的过程分析和指数评价方法,并利用已有的区域水质资料进行检验,增强评价结论的科学性和可靠性。

Groundwater contamination vulnerability refers to the tendency or likelihood for contaminants to reach a specified position in the groundwater system from some location above the top of an aquifer. It can be further classified into intrinsic vulnerability and specific vulnerability. Vulnerability is controlled by the groundwater flow system and geochemical system and can be assessed with the subjective index method, statistical or process-based method and integrated method. Groundwater vulnerability assessment in China has had a very good basis and the assessment work should be carried out with the groundwater flow system as the unit and wellheads, public water supply fields and the recharge areas of regional aquifers as the important protection targets, and methodologically we should integrate the process analysis of the regional grotmdwater flow system analysis and the index evaluation method, and use available regional water quality data for check to produce scientifically defensible and reliable conclusions.