“玩笑”的审美——关于卡夫卡与昆德拉

昆德拉的小说《玩笑》被西方评论界普遍看作一本反极权主义的小说,而昆德拉斥责这类评论为新闻界的“陈词滥调”,这又是他十分着迷的卡夫卡式的反论和玩笑。《玩笑》与卡夫卡的《审判》都揭示主人公的现实境遇就是审判,但是昆德拉指责布罗德的卡夫卡学把卡夫卡逐出了美学领域。卡夫卡小说当然是美学的,但那是政治和权力的审美,昆德拉的《玩笑》也是审美的,但也是政治和人性的审美,只不过政治的道德的哲学的思考进入了文学领域,成了“文学思考”,而“文学思考”在本质上是一种质疑性和假定性的思考。

Kundero＇s novel La Plaisanterie is regarded by western critics,as an anti-totalitarianism novel, however, Kundero refutes their reviews as timeworn expressions. All this is Kafka＇s paradox and joke that he is potty about. Kundero＇s La Plaisanterie and Kafka＇s Adjudgement disclose that dramatis personae＇s realistic condition is djudgement. But Kundero rebukes Broder＇s Kafkaism for driving Kafka out of aesthetics areas. Indeed, Kafka＇s novels are aesthetics, and politic and powerful taste as well; Kundero＇s La Plaisanterie is also tasty, and moreover, political and humanistic taste. But just political, moral and philosophic thought thrown into literature becomes “literary thought”. There is no denying that “literary thought” in itself is a kind of suspicious and assumable thought.