植物根系向地性感应的分子机理与养分吸收

Molecular Mechanisms of Root Gravitropic Responses and Nutrient Uptake

植物根系向地性是决定根系空间生长趋势的主要因素之一,对于养分吸收具有重要影响。认识根系向地性感应和根系生长变化的分子机理及其与养分吸收的关系,可为遗传改良根系性状、提高植物养分吸收效率提供理论依据。本文从重力感应、信号转导和生长素非对称分布等方面总结了植物根系向地性感应的分子机理,探讨了根系在养分胁迫下(特别是磷胁迫下)向地性变化的生理基础及其与养分吸收(特别是磷吸收)的关系,最后对根系向地性研究的若干问题进行了展望。

Gravitropism of plant roots is one of the important factors determining the spatial pattern of root growth and thus may have a great effect on nutrient uptake. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms of root gravitropic response and subsequent root growth changes related to nutrient uptake would facilitate the genetic improvement of nutrient efficiency in plants. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of root gravitropic responses in terms of root gravity sensing, signal transduction and auxin asymmetrical distribution. It discusses the physiological basis of root gravitropic responses to nutrient stresses, especially phosphorus deficiency, and its relation to uptake of nutrients, especially phosphorus. Included are problems and perspectives for future research.