现代方言中“喝类词”的演变层次

The Evolving Administrative Levels of the Class of Words He in Modern Chinese Dialects

根据“喝类词”在现代汉语各方言点中使用情况的不同,大致可以把这类词分为六个演变层次。汉语十大方言中,官话、晋语和徽语演变较快;吴语、湘语和赣语保留了中古和近代的词汇现象;客家话和闽语较多地保留了中古的词汇现象;粤语则保留了上古的词汇现象;而南宁平话最为特殊,能找到从上古一直到近代的词汇现象。“喝类词”演变的总体趋势是自北向南依次放慢,以长江为界,长江以北演变得快,长江以南演变得慢,而沿江流域处于过渡地带。

According to their use in dialects of modern Chinese, the class of words he can be classified approximately into six evolving administrative levels. Among the ten dialects in mandarin, the Jin dialect and the Hui dialect evolved faster. The Wu dialect, the Xiang dialect and the Gan dialcet have preserved the glossary phenomenon in mediaeval and neoteric times. The Hakka dialect and the Min dialcet have preserved the glossary phenomenon in mediaeval times more while the Yue dialect has kept that of the primitive times. The most special one is the Nanning Local dialect in which glossary phenomenon from both the ancient times and the neoteric times can be seen in it. The Yangtze River being a boundary, the general tendency of the evolvement of the class of words of he becomes slower from the south to the north. They evolve faster in areas north to the Yangtze River but slower in areas south to it and the drainage areas along the Yangtze River are in a transitional region.