土家语句子中的选择性语流变调

Selective Sandhi in Tujia Clauses

土家语句子中的语流变调现象十分丰富,本文通过对大量语言材料的详细描写,分别从发生变调的语音条件和成分类别进行分析,归纳了句子语流变调的规律,提出土家语句子中的语流变调具有选择性的特点,即在同样的语音条件下,语流变调现象不是强制性的,而同语法功能和结构成分有密切联系。在对选择性的语法依据进行论证的基础上,指出语音形式同语法系统和句子的表述需要有着密不可分的内在联系,选择性变调既是一种语音现象,又是一种语法现象,因此正确认识句子的选择性语流变调,对于全面了解土家语的语音特点、深入分析语法结构有着重要的意义。

This paper analyses the frequent phenomenon of sandhi in Tujia clauses by investigating the phonological conditions as well as the lexical categories that are involved. A detailed study of a collection of Tujia language data reveals different patterns of sandhi, with the conclusion that sandhi is selectively applied. This implies that sandhi does not occur according to rigid rules under identical phonological conditions, but that it is closely related to grammatical function as well as to certain structural elements in the clause. Therefore, since phonological form has such an intimate relationship with the grammatical system and clausal expression in Tujia, selective sandhi is both a phonological and a grammatical phenomenon. The correct recognition of sandhi in Tujia clauses is thus crucial to a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the distinctive phonological features and grammatical structure of Tujia.