黄瓜早熟及丰产性与主要农艺性状的相关性分析

The Correlation Analysis of Early Maturity and Productivity to Major Agronomic Characters in Cucumber

通过对黄瓜杂种一代苗期及成株33个性状的性状值、超中优势、超亲优势进行了全面系统地研究,分析了黄瓜丰产及早熟两个性状的主要构成因素及与其他性状间的相关性。结果表明,总瓜条数、单瓜重、主枝瓜重量、主枝单瓜重、主枝瓜条数、侧枝瓜条数、侧枝单瓜重、侧枝瓜重量、茎粗和生育天数等性状是决定总产量最为重要的因素并具有较强的杂种优势,无论在性状值、超亲还是超中优势中均达到极显著相关。前期产量主要决定于第一雌花节位和雌花节率及主侧枝瓜条数和瓜重、株高、叶面积等性状,达到显著水平,其中第一雌花节位和雌花节率在性状值、超亲和超中优势中都呈极显著相关性,说明这两个性状是决定黄瓜早熟性的决定性的因素并具有较强的杂种优势。根据试验结果分析了在黄瓜育种和生产过程中为达到早熟高产目的应当注意的几个主要问题。

Value, mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis of 33 characters of cucumber hybrids and plants was systematically studied, their correlation with early maturity and productivity were analyzed. The results showed that the total yield was significantly correlated with total fruit numbers, average fruit weight, yield of main stem fruit, yield of branch fruit, main stem diameter, growth days, etc. The above characters showed obvious heterosis. Early yield was significantly correlated with the node of first female flower,female flower rate and the yield of main stem as well as branch fruit, stem length, leaf area, etc. Value, mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis of the node of first female flower and female flower rate were significantly correlated with early yield at the 0.01 level. Measures to achieve higher early and total yield in cucumber breeding and cultivation were also suggested based on the above results.