限量灌溉对冬小麦产量和水分利用的影响

The Effects of Limited Irrigation on Winter Wheat Production and Water Utility

在河南省丘陵旱作区,采用限量灌溉的方法,研究了灌水对冬小麦子实产量和水分利用的影响.结果表明,在不同生育期灌水0～90 mm范围内,灌水平均增产13.0%～39.6%,水分利用效率提高7.0%～18.0%,且能改善冬小麦的生育性状和产量构成.在雨水偏丰的年份,满足最高作物水分利用效率的补充灌水量为45 mm,满足灌溉水利用率最高时的补充灌水量为30～45 mm.冬小麦拔节孕穗期灌水能增加成穗数,提高灌溉水利用率,灌浆期灌水能增加粒重,提高水分利用效率.拔节孕穗期是限量灌溉的最佳生育期.

The effect of irrigation on the yield of wheat and water utilization under limited irrigation was studied in the hilly dry farming in the west of Henan province. The results showed the average yield could be increased 13.0% - 39.6 % by the irrigation and the effi gation ranged from 0 mm to 90 mm. be also improved. In a year with en ciency of water utilization can be i On the other hand, the physiologi ough precipitation, the volume of mp cal roved 7.0 % - 18.0 % when the volume of irriproperties and yield gene of winter wheat could supplementary irrigation that satisfied to the maximum efficiency of the crop water utilization was 45 mm, and that of the highest ratio of irrigated water utilization ranged from 30 mm to 45 mm. However, the number of ears of winter wheat could be augmented by irrigation during the jointing and earrings stage and the ratio of irrigated water utilization could be improve too. While irrigating during the seed filling stage, the weight of 1 000 grains and the efficiency of water utilization could be improved. In a word, the best time of irrigation is the jointing and earrings stage.