小麦K型不育系的易恢性及育性恢复的稳定性研究

Easy Restoration of Fertility and Stability of Fertility Restoration for Male Sterile Line with Ae.kotschyi Cytoplasm in Wheat Triticum aestivum(L.) Thell.]

利用2个K型不育系与不同K型恢复系组配测交组合,研究了不同不育系的易恢性及其遗传机理,恢复系在年份间恢复度的稳定性以及播期、播量对育性恢复度的影响。结果表明,2个K型不育系易恢性有明显差异,其易恢性受2对主基因和微效多基因共同控制,不育系易恢性与恢复系恢复力差异的机理是相同的。大多数K型杂交组合的恢复度在不同年份间有较大差异,但恢复度高的组合稳定性较好,异常年份鉴定恢复系的恢复力是最有效的。播期对恢复度的影响较大,播量影响较小。抽穗至开花期间的异常高温是恢复度不稳定的主要外部原因。

Male sterility of Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm is considered better than that of T. tomopheevi, but there are some problems restricting its application in field production, such a s inductive haploid and fertility restoration. K-type hybrids with two sterile lines （A） and certain restoring lines （R） were used to study the easy restoration of fertility （ERF） in two A-lines, stability of fertility restoration in different years, and effects of sowing time and norm on restoring degree. The results showed that there was obvious difference in ERF of A-lines and that the sterile line Yumai 3 was easier to be restored than S43 （Fig. 1 and Fig.2）. Genetic analysis of three-way cross combination indicated that ERF were controlled by two main genes and some other quantitative genes （Fig. 3 and Table 1 ）. The mechanism of ERF for A-lines and of restoring ability for R-lines were the same. The restoring degree of most K-type hybrids differed greatly in different years, but the hybrids with higher restoring degree had good fertility restoring stability（Fig. 4 and Fig. 5）, so it was the most effective to identify restoring ability of R-lines under abnormal climates. Sowing time had a great effect and sowing norm had a small effect on restoring degree of K-type hybrid （Table 2）. Abnormal high temperature during the period from ear emergence to anthesis were the main environmental reason affecting stability of restoring degree.