小麦第五组同祖染色体上春化反应基因的定位及其效应的研究

A Study on the Location and the Effect of the Vernalization Responsive Genes on the Chromosomes of Homoeologous Group 5 of Wheat

以2个冬小麦品种北京8号和 Cappelle—Desprez,3个春小麦品种 KogaⅡ、Mara 和中国春为父本,KogaⅡ、Mara 和中国春第五组同祖染色体的单体株为母本进行杂交,应用单体遗传分析,确定 KogaⅡ的5A 和5B、Mara 的5B、中国春的5A 和5D 携带有春化反应基因,而KogaⅡ的5D、Mara 的5A、5D、中国春的5B 没有类似的基因。研究了 KogaⅡ、Mara 和中国春第五组染色体上春化反应基因的相对效应,结果表明,就染色体5A 而论,KogaⅡ所携带的春化反应基因最强,中国春的次之,Mara 的最弱,它们对抽穗期的影响呈加性效应;对5B 来说,Mara 携带的春化反应基因最强,KogaⅡ的次之,中国春的最弱,它们对抽穗期的影响也呈加性效应;在5D 上,中国春携带的春化反应基因最强。Mara 5B、中国春5D 所携带的春化反应基因有明显的剂量效应。

Two winter wheat varieties Beijing 8 and Cappelle and three spring wheat varietiesChinese Spring,Koga Ⅱ and Mara were chosen as male parents to cross with each of themonosomics of homoeologous group 5 of these three spring wheat varieties.It has beenshown that chromosome 5A and 5D of Chinese Spring,chromosome 5A and 5B of KogaⅡ,and chromosome 5B of Mara carry the genes for spring growth habit by usingmonosomic genetic analysis.The relative effects of these genes on ear emergence time havebeen established.Among Chinese Spring,Koga Ⅱ and Mara,the allele on chromosome5A carried by Koga Ⅱ has the strongest effect on ear emergence time,by Chinese Springhas less effect,and by Mara has the least;on chromosome 5B,the variety Mara carries thestrongest dominant allele for spring growth habit,Koga Ⅱ carries less potent springgrowth habit allele whilst Chinese Spring carries the least;on chromosome 5D,ChineseSpring carries the strongest allele for spring growth habit.It has been indicated that theadditive effect exists for chromosome 5A and 5B,and the dosage effect of gene onchromosome 5B of Mara and chromosome 5D of Chinese Spring exists obviously.