水稻显性雄性核不育基因鉴定初报

The Preliminary Evaluation of a Dominant Male-sterile Gene in Rice

1978年我所用栽野型组合(萍矮58×华野)F_2中的无花粉型不育株与反交组合(华野×萍矮58)F_4中的正常株杂交,后代出现典败型变异株。经13个世代观察,该不育材料的测交、回交、姊妹交(不育株×可育株)F_1分离出的不育株与可育株呈1∶1;可育株自交后代育性不分离;“不育株”幼穗分化期在高温下(白天平均温度30℃以上)有部分结实,其自交 S_1代不育与可育呈3∶1分离;用“不育株”的花粉为父本与普通品种杂交(反交),其后代育性仍呈1∶1分离。这表明:它的不育性与普通品种的细胞质无关,是受核内一个显性雄性不育基因控制的。我们命名这株水稻为“萍乡核不育水稻”,将该不育基因定名为“M_s-P”。这在水稻中是首次发现,在遗传理论和育种实践上具有重要的研究价值。

A typical abortion type of male-sterile plant was found in the progenies of(Ping Ai58×Hua Ye)F_2×(Hua Ye×Ping Ai 58)F_4 in 1978.The progenies from testcrossesor backcrosses or sib-crosses between male sterile and fertile plant were always segregatedin a ratio of 1 male-sterile to 1 fertile.However,no segregation was found in the selfedprogenies of fertile plants.The“male-sterile plant”kept in temperature(>30℃)duringthe stage of young panicle development would be partially fertile and only a few seedsmight be obtained by selfing.These selfed progenies gave a ratio of 3 male-sterile and 1 fer-tile.When the common varieties were pollinated by the“male-steriles”as male parent,theprogenies always showed a segregation ratio of 1 male-sterile to 1 fertile.Therefore,wehave sufficient evidence to say that this male sterility is controlled by a dominantmale-sterile gene.This is the first time of a dominant male-sterile gene reported in rice.Itwas designated as“Ping Xiang dominant male sterile gene in rice“or”Ms-P”.