籼粳稻杂交育种的研究——Ⅲ.籼粳交主要性状的配合力及遗传力

Studies on The Cross Breeding between Indica and Japonica Rice——Ⅲ.Combining Ability and Heritability of Main Characteristics in Hybridization Between Indica and Japonica Rice

6个粳稻品种与6个籼稻品种组成的6×6NCⅡ设计的36个 F_1组合的方差分析结果表明,12个性状的遗传不仅受一般配合力的影响,而且也受特殊配合力的制约。配合力分析经果指明,穗长等性状受特殊配合力的影响相对较大,而其它性状主要受一般配合力的影响。就本试验所研究的多数性状而论,籼稻的一般配合力似乎要比粳稻的一般配合力更明显地影响后代。广义遗传分析证明抽穗期及粒型这两个性状受环境影响较小,而单株穗数受环境影响较大。狭义遗传力由大到小的排列顺序为:子粒长宽比、粒长、株高、穗实粒数、结实率、穗总粒数、单株穗数、单株粒重、抽穗期、着粒密度、穗长。

The aim of present study is to introduce from Indica rice the genetic genes of pest-disease resistance and high yield so as to breed new varieties and explore the laws of genetic breeding in crossing Indica with Japonica. Results obtained from experiments are as follows:1.New varieties and strains have been successfully developed, such as: Zhong Zhoa No. 9, Zhong Zhou No.75 and its sister line, Zhong Zhou 121 and its sister line, strain 77-818 and R-line No. 300.2.The fertility can be raised by ways of selection and increased generations.3. The strength of inheritance per thousand grain weight is higher.4. By crossing the Japonica variety from Taiwan province with Indica rice or using the Japonica rice as maternal parent in three-way crossing or doublecrossing, the fertility can thus be increased and character of its progeny be more easily stabilized.5. New strains resistant to rice blast and rice stripe can be developed by cross breeding of the Indica and Japonica rice with Indica antigen.