莎剧汉译的形式追求——探讨莎剧素体诗的移植

Efforts to Translate Shakespeare's Plays in Verse Form: On Transplanting the Blank Verse in China

莎剧是诗剧,素体诗的移植是诗体译本的关键。自1948年孙大雨先生的《黎琊王》诗体译本问世以来,20世纪里陆续有卞之琳、方平、林同济、杨烈等先生先后推出一部或多部莎剧诗体译本。纵观他们艰苦卓绝的努力,大致可以分为两派:孙大雨、卞之琳、方平为代表的严格以音组/音顿代音步、避免用韵的异化派,林同济、杨烈为代表的以保留音步、韵脚散押的归化派。审视这两种倾向所作的努力,探讨其成就和局限,进一步探索莎剧素体诗在中国的移植。

Shakespeare＇s plays are in verse, the translation of them in verse depends so much on the transplanting of the blank verse form. Since the publication of Sun Dayu＇ s translation of King Lear, Bian Zhilin, Fang Ping, Lin Tongji, Yang Le, etc. have produced their translations of one or more Shakespeare＇ s plays in the 20th century. They are of two schools in their ways of translation ： foreignization of replacing the English metrical feet with Chinese units of characters and domestication of maintaining the verse form while adding rimes to the verses. This paper views their endeavors of different approaches, comments on their achievements and limitations, so as to further explore the transplanting of the blank verse form in which Shakespeare＇ s plays were written.