20世纪30年代的乡村公务人员——见之于农村复兴委员会的调查

Public Country Civil Servants in the 1920s-1930s——Seen in the investigation by Countryside Reviving Commission

1933年民国行政院农村复兴委员会的调查表明,乡村中区的设置比较普遍,并成为重要的政治机构,区以下的自治系统,则遗留下浓重的传统痕迹,时国家规制变异情形严重;乡村公务人员的产生途径,除区长一般由上级任命外,选举、推选、指定、轮充等方法不一而足,但不管通过何种途径产生,选择时的经济趋向至为明显;乡村公务人员的法定收入有限,而中饱现象严重,社会评价低劣;乡村自治在国民政府核心统治区域流于形式,在较为偏远的地方则恶性变质,成为乡村社会的破坏性力量。

The investigation by Countryside Reviving Commission of Administrative Council in 1933 shows that districts were formed and they soon became important administrative organizations, but traditional traces were obviously seen in the villages below the districts. The district leader was appointed and other public country civil servants were from various channels： election, choice, appointment and others. Economy played an important role in the system of public country civil servants. Although these servants had low income, they became very corrupted and evil forces in the countryside.