程敏政《新安程氏统宗世谱》谱学问题初探

An Exloration into Pedigree about the general genealogy of Cheng family in Xin'an

明代著名学者程敏政所修统宗谱具有开创性,对本族与徽州产生了很大影响。本文认为,程敏政所修统宗谱的十条“凡例”主要表达了别宗姓、严谱系、明教化、新体例等四个方面的主张,进一步明确了徽州望族的条件,强调族谱编纂的宗法精神与严谨的学术性,使统宗谱成为学术考证后的规范性族谱。程敏政“谱辨”建立在考证的基础之上,由考而辨,提出宋以前的世系因太详细而不可信,一般人奉为姓氏学指南的《元和姓纂》不尽可靠,应该根据具有可靠史料价值的金石碑刻、古谱考证世系,建立信而有征的谱系。通过考证,程敏政否定了流传已久的祁谱。“谱辨”的看法始为新安程氏采纳,后来基本上被作为一说而已。程敏政对于族谱世系的等证与宗族文化存在着内在的紧张关系,尽管新安程氏尊重作为著名士大夫的程敏政,佩服他的学问与考证功力,但是不愿接受其考证结果。这不能不说是学者修谱的悲哀。

The general genealogy was composed by Cheng Min -zheng , a famous scholar in Ming Dynasty , which brought magnitude influence to the Prefecture of Huizhou and Cheng＇s clan. In my view , Cheng＇s genealogy further explicated the condition of the famous clan in the Prefecture of Huizhou, emphasized the ancient clan system spirit in genealogy compile and its precise academic . From then on , Cheng＇s researchs became the nomal genealogy. Cheng＇s distingnish of genealogy was established on research . He put forward an view that the pedigree before Song Dynasty was too detailed to believe . He considered the authentic pedigree should be established on the inscriptions on ancient bronzes and stone tablets, and on the research to the ancient genealogy , and so on. Through his research , Cheng Min - zheng negated the ch＇ i - p＇ u , although it was already spreaded a long time . Cheng＇s standpoint was adopted by Cheng＇s clan as one of the theories . But there exist strain between Cheng＇s research and clansmen culture . Cheng Min -zheng was respected by Cheng family in Xin＇an because he was a famous scholar - bureaucrat. But Cheng＇s clan rejected Cheng Min - zheng＇s research achievement . It was a kind of sorriness to Cheng Min -zheng.