汉语普通话区别特征系统

The distinctive features for standard Chinese (Putonghua)

语音区别特征是构成语音信号的基本元素。它不但是语音学和音系学研究的重要内容,也是语音信号处理技术所面对的重要处理对象。本文首先根据汉语普通话语音知觉混淆的群集分析结果,确定汉语的声韵调音位系统。继而按照Jakobson,Fant和Halle的语音区别特征划分的二分法原理,以声学参数为基础结合普通话的特点,建立了声韵调体系的区别特征系统。文中给出了区别特征在声学上的定义和发音生理上的说明。为便于理解声母韵母音位与其区别特征之间的关系和在语音处理中的应用,在附录中还列出了普通话声母(包括变体)、韵母的国际音标和计算机可输入/输出的SAMPA音标,以及声调的SAMPROSA音标。

The distinctive features, which are one of the important research subjects in Phonetics and Phonology and in speech technology also, are the ultimate units of speech. Firstly a phoneme system of the standard Chinese—— putonghua was determined based on the results of cluster analysis of perceptual confusion of speech sounds of putonghua. Then according to the principle of choice between the two opposites proposed by Jakobson, Fant and Halle, considering the characteristics of putonghua the distinctive feature values for Initials, Finals and Tones were determined in this paper. And the features have been formulated at both acoustic level and genetic level.The phonetic system of the Chinese language —Pinyin including some variants was transcribed into the International Phonetic Alphabet （IPA） and Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet （SAMPA）, which were shown in the appendix,in order to understand the distinctive features for individual phoneme easily.