公共灌溉管理体制现代化——将来可持续灌溉的重点

Modernizing public irrigation institutions: the top priority for the future of sustainable irrigation

对于大型灌区来说,其最终目标是以最少的国家财政支出,通过改善服务水平来不断提高农业耕作的收益率。但是,大型灌区内部的官僚体制和配水系统的不灵活性使其很难按照市场的变化和利润优势进行快速反应。因此,必须通过综合系统的现代化,即通过将现有的体制结构和灌溉配水系统进行变革,使其按照需水要求提供可持续的、高效的配水服务来进一步提高收益率。这种按照需水要求提供配水服务的体制变革主要包括削弱政府在管理和财政上的作用、进行权利分散、提高部门责任感以及经济自立。通过提高用水效率来减少支出,扩大收入。用水户协会的成立已经证明其在现代化改造和用水户参与方面是行之有效的,因此,应将其包括在决策制定过程中的各个环节。同时鼓励扩大水委员会或用水户联合会。在时机成熟时转让灌溉管理权,且灌溉管理权的转让应提前做好规划,按照中长期进程加以实施。同时还可以鼓励和开展公私合作伙伴(PPP)。建立PPP的主要目的就是成立“第三专业机构”来改善管理,加强合作。

In large scale irrigation, the objective is to improve farming profitability sustainably through improved service delivery at the least public cost. The bureaucratic institutional design and the inflexible water delivery systems that characterize much LSI make response to changing markets and profit opportunities difficult. Further improvements in profitability have to be done through integrated system modernization i.e. by turning both the institutional structure and the irrigation delivery system around to focus on delivering a sustainable, efficient and demand responsive water delivery service.The institutional changes to create a demand responsive water service delivery typically include a reduction in the role of governments in management and financing, decentralization, agency accountability, and scheme financial. Efficien- cy improvements should be introduced to reduce costs and expand the revenue base. Water user associations have proved effective in modernization programs and user participation should be included at each step of the decisional process. Scaling up to water boards or user federations should be encouraged. Irrigation management transfer should be undertaken when the conditions are right and should generally be a carefully designed and implemented medium to long term process. A possible complement is to promote and develop public private partnerships （PPP）. The main purpose of such PPP arrangements should be to bring a ＂third professional party＂ which can be the catalyst for improved management and the genesis of a corporate culture.