论列宁对社会主义“官”制的探索

Discussion on Lenin's Explorations of Socialist Official System

列宁十月革命前夕曾设想新政权实行巴黎公社的民主原则,十月革命胜利后进行了大胆试验,结果很快失败。转改高度集中的政治体制,其中的“官”制特点是自上而下的委任制。高度集中的政治体制是列宁对巴黎公社原则的创新和发展,在当时及以后相当的一段时期内发挥了积极的作用。而高度集权下的委任制导致官僚主义的滋生和蔓延,出现权力的腐败。列宁为了完善和改革社会主义的“官”制进行了不懈探索,有些思想成为宝贵的遗产。但因种种原因,列宁终未能找到问题的症结。

Before the Great October Socialist Revolution he had thought of carrying out the democratic principle of the Paris Commune. He made a try after the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution, but failed. Then he turned to the highly centralized political system, the characteristic of the official system is the appointment system from bottom to top. The highly centralized political system is the innovation and development of the Paris Commune, which was realized by Lenin. It took positive effect in a certain period of time just then and after that time. But the appointment system resulted in the propagation and spread of the bureaucracy, the corruption of authority arose. In order to avoid the corruption, Lenin made hard explorations. Some of his ideas have become splendid heritages. For some reasons, Lenin didnt find the sticking point.