钢铁作业工人皮肤患病情况的研究

Epidemiology of Occupational Skin Diseases among Metallurgical Workers

目的探讨鞍钢主体行业一线生产工人皮肤病症的发生、分布规律及特征。方法采用现况调查和回顾性队列研究方法,对2 876名队列成员进行皮肤科检查和现场职业卫生学及个人职业史的调查。结果在参加体检的2 876人中,1 339人患皮肤病,患病率为46.56%;各主体一线工人前5位皮肤病及患病率均不同,癣类皮肤病在钢铁作业工人中患病率最高,为25.73%;皮肤病患病情况与工龄有关,随着工人工龄的增长其皮肤病患病率呈迅速增长趋势(r=0.897 9,P<0.01);焦化厂作业工人与高温冶炼作业工人皮肤病患病率比较,差异有显著性(RR=1.64,P<0.01);焦油、炼焦、炼铁、炼钢作业工人皮肤病患病率与轧钢作业工人皮肤病患病率比较,差异亦具有显著性(RR依次为3.40,2.70,2.25,1.81,P<0.01)。结论皮肤病的发生与工龄和车间环境状况有关。

Objective To study the incidence regularity and character of occupational skin diseases among metallurgical workers in Anshan Iron ＆ Steel Group Corporation. Methods Retrospective epidemiological cohort study and field survey were conducted for dermatological examination, occupational hygiene and occupational exposure history for 2 876 workers. Results Among the total workers, 1 339 had skin diseases; the incidence rate of occupational skin diseases was 46.56 %. The type of skin diseases was different from each group at top 5 diseases and the incidence rates were different too. Rate of dermatophytosis was the highest （25.73%）. Character of the occupational skin diseases correlated with their working age, and the rate increases with the increases of working age （r=0. 897 9, P〈0. 01）. The rate of coke oven workers differed from smelting workers （RR= 1.64, P〈0.01）. The rate of rolling （RR=3.40, P〈0.01）, from the coke oven workers （RR=2.70, workers differed from coal tar workers P%0. 01）, from iron smelters （RR=2.25, P〈0.01）, and from steel smelters （RR= 1.81, P〈0.01）. Conclusions The occupational skin diseases among metallurgical workers attribute to their working age and environment conditions at workplaces.