古汉字中象意造字法构形特点新探

Formal Features of Ancient Chinese Pictographic Characters

在古代汉字理论中,象意造字法就是通过联想、比拟、象征等间接手段来表现词义的一种造字方法。从写词的角度看,它与象物造字法、象事造字法一样,也是形象写词法的一个重要组成部分。从构形角度看,象意造字法所创造出来的字形(即象意字)是颇具特点的。通过对殷、周时代的甲骨文、金文中一些象意字的分析和归纳,可以推论象意造字法在造字构形上有如下主要特点:一、依图形关系而引起联想的象意字;二、用象征性符号表示的象意字;三、依附一定条件的象意字;四、同体比附的象意字。

In the theory of formation of ancient Chinese characters, the pictographic characters employed the association,analogy,symbols,and other means to ereat written forms.After examining those unearthed Jiagu Wen, i.e. inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty. 16th- 11th century B. C. ）, we come to the conclusion that this way of word formation is of vital significance to Chinese language.