“险”字义项说略

A Brief Talk of the Senses of "Xian"(Danger)

文章探讨了“险”字的义项,重点阐述了三个问题:第一,“险”有“不平”之义,其本义是“地势不平,难走”,其 近引申义是“泛指一般的不平”,这可以从“险”的反义词是“平”和“易”中看得出来。第二,在此基础上分析了“险”字 的引申系列和词义系统。第三,用这个词义系统与《汉语大字典》、《汉语大词典》的义项相对照,指出《汉语大字典》 的义项(4)“遥远”、义项(8)“疾、迅猛”,逸出了“险”字的引申系列和词义系统之外,引例又是孤证,是不能成立的。

This paper discusses the senses of the Chinese Character “Xian”（险）, with special emphases laid on the following three issues： firstly, “xian” means “rough”, with its original sense of “rough road, hard to walk on” and its extended meaning of “a general term for roughness” as can be seen from “ping” and “yi”, its antonyms; secondly, this paper discusses its extensions and its sense system; thirdly, a contrast of the sense system to the senses of “xian” in A Character Dictionary of the Chinese Language and A Dictionary of the Chinese Language indicates that the fourth sense of “xian”——“remote” and the eighth sense ——“fast, vigorous, strong” are groundless since they have gone beyond the extensions and sense system and besides, they lack adequate evidence.