初中生的社会支持状况及其与心理健康的关系

Social Support and Mental Health of the Junior High School Students

目的:探讨初中生在社会支持的来源、性别和年级方面的特点及与其心理健康状况的关系。方法:使用社会支持问卷和心理健康调查问卷,调查548名初中生(从初一到初三年级)。结果:同性朋友在初中生社会支持方面的地位明显高于其他重要社会他人(F=110.2,P<0.01),是初中生社会支持最主要的来源;初中生社会支持的性别(F=2.88,P<0.05)、年级差异(F=4.43,P<0.01)显著,成人(主要是母亲)是初一年级社会支持的首要来源,同性朋友是初二、初三年级社会支持的首要来源;女生感受到的母亲的社会支持高于男生,男生感受到的同性朋友和父亲的社会支持高于女生。同性朋友的肯定与支持、对与教师关系满意度、与父亲的冲突及受到的惩罚、母亲的肯定与支持和对与母亲关系满意度对初中生的心理健康状况有显著的预测作用(P<0.01)。结论:同性朋友在初中生的社会关系中有重要意义,从初一到初二是初中生社会支持状况发生转折的时期;社会支持与初中生的心理健康状况有密切联系。

Objective： Investigating the characteristic of social support and its relation to mental health of junior high school students. Methods： 548 junior high school students were investigated with the social support Questiounaire and the mental health Questionnaire. Results： The junior high school students perceived more social support from their same sex peers than from others （ F=110.21,P〈0.01 ） and the same sex peer were their main source of social support ; The experience about social support differed in gender and grade, for the grade one school students, adult （mother mainly） were the initial source of social support, and the same sex peers were the initial source of social support for grade two and three. The schoolgirls perceived more social support from their mothers than schoolboys did （ P〈0.01 ）, and the schoolboys perceived more social support from their peers and fathers than schoolgirl did （ P〈0. 01 ）. For mental health of students, the significant predictors included their perceived the positive evaluations and support from their the same sex peers, the relation between them and their teachers, the conflict between them and their fathers and the punishment from fathers, perceived the positive evaluations and support from mothers and the relation between them and their mothers （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： The same sex peers play a chief role in social support of junior high school students; From grade one to grade two, the characteristic of social support have a great difference; There is a close association between the social support and mental health.