不同性别年龄小儿气质特点及其在护理工作中的应用

Different characters of children with ages and sexes and its application in nursing work

目的探讨0～3岁小儿气质特点,了解其心理特征,指导小儿教养,培养身心健康的宝宝。方法儿保门诊0～3岁儿童251例,采用儿童气质软件及气质测查问卷,由家长填写问卷配以计算机录入分析结果的形式进行评估。结果小儿气质类型中,中间偏易养型占32.3%、易养型31.1%、难养型23.1%、启动缓慢型7.5%、中间偏难养型6.0%。不同性别的小儿气质类型的分布无显著性差异(P>0.05),不同年龄小儿气质类型分布有显著性差异(P<0.05)。不同性别及不同年龄组小儿气质维度分值比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论中间偏易养型、易养型是0～3岁小儿的主要气质类型;部分气质维度在不同性别和年龄间存在差异,应根据不同性别及年龄段小儿的特点给予针对性的教育和指导,促进小儿健康成长。

Objective To explore the different characters of children from 0～3 years old, understand their psychological features, give guidances about nurturing and educating children, and supply theoretical base for preventing problems of children behaviors. Methods Two hundred and fifty-one children patients from 0～3 years old from clinic of maternal and child health care were surveyed with children character software and questionnaire. Parents of children answered the questionnaire and the results were recorded and estimated by computer. Results Among all characters, 32.3% children were easy and medium nurturing type, 31.1% easy nurturing type, 23.1% difficult nurturing type, 7.5% slow startup and 6.0% difficult and medium type. Conclusion Main characters of children from 0～3 years old are easy and medium nurturing type and easy nurturing type. Children with different ages and sexes have different characters, so pertinent education and guidance should be given according to characters of different ages and sexes so as to improve their health.