人民公社缘起的制度经济学解释——从农村公共产品供给制度变迁的角度

The Instituting Explanation about the Origin of the People′s Commune System

运用制度经济学的分析方法分析了人民公社产生的可能性。人民公社是国家为推行优先发展重工业战略而全面控制农民剩余的一种制度安排。人民公社是以农村公共产品私人供给制度经合作供给向政府供给制度的变迁为契机而建立的,是农村公共产品合作供给制度转化为农村所有产品合作供给制度、进而转化为农村所有产品政府供给制度的产物。农村公共产品供给制度的变迁符合公共产品的特性,促进了农业生产的发展,因而受到了农民的欢迎或至少不反对。而当农村所有产品政府供给制度形成时,人民公社随之产生。

The origin of the People＇s Commune System was analyzed in the paper by the means of the institutional economics. People＇s Commune is a kind of system that was adopted by Chinese government in order to control peasant＇s surplus to pursuing the prior development strategy of heavy industries. The institution of People＇s Commune depends on the institutional change of rural public goods supply, which changes from private supply to cooperative supply and to governmental supply. When rural public goods cooperative supply system was changed to rural whole goods cooperative supply system, furthermore, to rural whole goods governmental supply system ; People＇ s Commune was instituted.