先秦法家的监察思想浅探

An Observation on the Legalists′ Theory of Supervision

在先秦思想家中,以韩非与商鞅为代表的法家最早并且较全面地提出了监察思想。通过对法家著作的阅读、清理,可以发现他们在监察目的、监察原则及监察手段等方面多有论述。先秦法家的监察思想,是以“势”、“法”、“术”为中心展开的,并且强调“法术”在监察活动中的意义,对后世的监察活动与监察制度产生了重大影响。以韩非为代表的“势不两立”的矛盾观和对道家“虚静无为”的处世哲学的转化,是先秦法家监察思想重要的理论基础。

Among the thinkers of Xian Qin, Han Fei and Shang Yang, two representatives of the Legalists, suggested the first and complete supervision theory of China by discussing the aim, principle, and means of supervision. With “Power” , “ Law” , and “tactic” being their keys, they emphasized the significance of “Laws” in the supervision activities, producing a great influence on the supervision and its design of the latter period. The contradict ideology embodied in the “irreconcilably hostile to each other” of the Legalist Han Fei and his transformation of Taoist “Void and silence, Letting things take their own course” laid the foundation of the Legalist supervision theory.