江门市新会区高中生心理健康状况调查及影响因素分析

Investigation of mental health status and influencing factor analysis in senior middle school students in Xinhui district of Jiangmen city

目的:采用测试法定量化评定分析高中生心理健康水平及其相关因素。方法:于2003-12/2004-03以江门市新会区高中生在校学生30000人为框架人口,采用随机、分层、整群抽样的办法,抽取新会区华侨中学、梁启超中学、司前镇中学3个学校的高中一、二、三年级的第一个班共567人作为调查对象。以症状自评量表[包含躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌意、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9大因子。采用5级评分法(0从无,l轻度,2中度,3相当重,4严重)]评定学生的心理健康状况,评估标准参照全国成人常模标准以各因子分达到或超过中度痛苦水平(≥2分)为界划分有无心理问题。采用心理控制源量表(内控、外控为两极的泛化期待进行评定,得分以外控性计分)、艾森克个性问卷(45个条目,统计指标为神经质,内外向两个维度分)、应付方式问卷(统计指标包括积极和消极两个因子)和父母教养方式问卷(包括父亲养育方式的情感温暖、惩罚严厉、过分干涉、偏爱被试、拒绝否认、过度保护6个因子;母亲养育方式的情感温暖、惩罚严厉、偏爱被试、拒绝否认、过度保护5个因子)进行调查。采用统一的指导语,无记名,答卷当场收回。结果:发放问卷567份,收回合格问卷567份,有效率100%。①高中生心理健康问题检出率16.2%,高中生有心理健康问题人数在各因子中的比率为1.6%～8.6%。其中强迫、人际关系敏感、偏执、抑郁、敌对、恐怖6个因子是高中生的主要心理健康问题。②高中生症状自评量表各因子分与外控性、消极应付方式、父亲养育方式中的惩罚严厉、偏爱被试、拒绝否认、过度保护、母亲养育方式中的惩罚严厉、过分干涉、偏爱被试、拒绝否认以及艾森克人格问卷的神经质维度呈显著的正相关。③症状自评量表各因子的复相关系数在0.45～0.62之间,决定系数在0.20～0.39之间,表明高中生心理健康状况的变化受方程内因素影响的程度在39%。外控性、消极应付方式、父母养育方式中的惩罚严厉、偏爱被试、拒绝否认、父亲的过度保护、母亲的过分干涉、艾森克人格问卷的神经质维度、内外向维度与症状自评量表的总分呈正相关,均具有显著性意义(P<0.01～0.001)。结论:采用消极应付方式越多,情绪越不稳定、父母养育方式中采用惩罚、偏爱、拒绝以及父亲的过度保护、母亲的过分干涉均易引起青少年心理上的不良,本次调查中此影响因素占39%。

AIM：To analyze quantitatively the mental health level in high school students and its influence factor by test method. METHDS： From December 2003 to March 2004, an investigation with a frame population of 30 000 senior middle school students,who came from Xinhui district Jiangmen city were carried on.567 students, who came from the first classes of senior high school three grades of Xinhui Huaqiao high school, Liangqichao high school and Siqian high school as the investigating objects, were selected with the method of random, layering and the whole flock of sampling.The mental health state was assessed with symptom checklist （SCL） [including 9 great factors, such as somatization, obsessivecompulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism; with 5-grade method （0 as never, 1 as mild, 2 as moderate, 3 fairly grave, 4 as severe）]. According to the whole country adult norm standard, with each factor score attaining or exceeding the normal standard painful level （score ≥2 points）for the boundary divided the line to have mental problem or not. The inquisition was carried on by using Locus of Control Scale （using internal-external control in generalization to assess,taking external control as counting score）, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （EPQ） （totally 45 items, neurotieism （N） and.extraversion/introversion （E） as statistics index）, Copying style Questionnaire （statistics index included positive and negative factors） and EM-BU （affection, severe punishment, over- interference, showing favoritism to test object, rejecting and denying and over-protection, 6 factors, in fathers＇ upbringing way; affection, severe punishment, showing favoritism to test object, rejecting and denying and over-protection, 5 factors, in mothers＇ upbringing way）. The answer books were taken back on the spot without recording the names, using unified leading language. RESULTS： Totally 567 questionnaires were issued, and 567 qualified questionnaires were taken back, efficient 100%. ①The found rate of mental state health problem in the senior middle school students was 16.23%. The ratio in every factor in the senior high school students who had mental problem was 1.6%-8.6%. Six factors including obsessive-compulaive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, phobic anxiety and paranoid were the main mental health problems in senior middle school students. ②It showed obviously positive correlation between each factors of SCL-90 and external control, passive copying style, severe punishment, over-interference, showing favoritism to test object, rejecting and denying, over-protection in fathers＇ upbringing behavior,severe punishment, over-interference, showing favoritism to test object, rejecting and denying in mothers＇ upbringing behavior with EPQ-N. ③Complex related coefficient of each factor in SCL-90 was between 0.45 and 0.62, and the determining coefficient was between 0.20 and 0.39, which showed that the changes of mental health in senior middle school students were affected by internal factors at 39%. SCL-90 total score was positively related to external control, passive copying style, severe punishment, showing favoritism to test object, rejecting and denying in parents＇ upbringing behavior, over-protection from father, over-interference from mother, EPQ-N and EPQ-E, which all had obviously significance （P 〈 0.01-0.001）. CONCLUSION： The more adopting passive coping style is, the more unstable emotion is. The punishment, showing favoritism and rejecting in parents＇ upbringing way, over-protection from father and over-interference from mother are easy to cause bad problems of mental health in teenagers. The influence factor accounts for 39% in this investigation.