幼儿行为问题与家庭功能关系的调查

Investigation on relationship between behavior problems in preschool children and family function

目的:探讨幼儿行为问题与不同家庭功能类型的内在联系。方法:于2004-10/2005-03随机抽取昆明市两所幼儿园的184名儿童,采用家庭亲密度和适应性量表(问卷含30项,按程度5级记分)以及Rutter儿童行为父母问卷(问卷含31项,按症状出现的有无、严重程度以3级记分。评定内容包含一般健康问题和行为问题两类)测查被试的家庭功能状况与行为问题。结果:所纳入的184名儿童均进入结果分析,无脱落者。①家庭功能的类型分布比例:平衡型家庭仅占17.0%,中间型家庭占56.9%,极端型家庭占26.1%,并且出现数据向缠结方向倾斜的趋势。②儿童行为问题与家庭功能的测查:行为问题中约44%为神经症,而反社会行为和混合行为依次占3%和2%,仅51%的儿童无行为问题。在违纪行为、神经症行为及总分上,男童得分明显高于女童(5.11±3.13,4.32±2.60;8.83±4.75,7.36±3.95;13.94±7.22,11.68±5.98);在神经症行为及总分上幼儿园类别中甲类(生源来自较高收入的大学教职工家庭)得分低于乙类(生源来自社区、多为低中收入的工薪家庭),分别为7.21±4.25,9.71±4.33;11.59±6.53,15.03±6.55。结论:①儿童行为问题与家庭功能状况有密切关联,当家庭功能不良时其发生具有普遍性。②儿童行为问题以神经症行为表现为主。

AIM： To explore the internal relationship between behavior problems in preschool children and the different family functioning. METHODS： 184 children were selected randomly from two kindergartens of Kunming from October 2004 to March 2005. The family functioning and behavior problems were tested with Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluate Scale （consisting of 30 items, measuring family function on a 5-point）and Rutter＇s Children＇s Behavior Questionnaire for Completion of Parents （containing 31 items, according to behavior problems/the severe degree of existing symptoms on a 3-grade scale,the content including common healthy problems and behavior problems）. RESULTS： Totally 184 included children were involved in the result analysis,without drop. ① The style distributive proportion of family functioning： Only 17% families were balanced, 56.9% midrange and 26.1% extreme, moreover, it showed a tendency of data that inclining to enmeshment. ② The test results of children＇s behavior problems and family functioning showed that about 44% of behavior problems was neurotic behavior, and 3% and 2% were antisocial and mixture behavior respectively, only 51% of the children without behavior problems.The scores of antisocial behavior,neurotic behavior as well as total score in boys were significantly higher than those of girls （5.11±3.13, 4.32±2.60; 8.83±＋4.75, 7.36±3.95; 13.94±7.22, 11.68±5.98）. The score of neurotic behavior as well as total score of kindergarten A （children came from college families with higher income） were lower than those of B （children came from families with low or middle income）（7.21±4.25, 9.71±4.33; 11.59±6.53, 15.03±6.55）. CONCLUSION： ① Children＇s behavior closely associates with their family function,and its occurrence is common when the family function is. ② The neurotic behavior is the major aspect in behavior problems of children.