同理心:心理咨询与治疗关系中的特质概念

Empathy:Special concept in the association between psychological counseling and therapy

目的:通过总结与分析国外同理心的界定与测量研究进展,为中国同理心研究有所借鉴性作用。资料来源:应用计算机检索Psychological数据库1965-01/1998-12期间关于同理心的界定与测量研究进展方面的文章,检索词“empathy”,限定文章语言种类为“English”;同时查阅相关中、英文书籍。资料选择:对所获得的文献进行仔细研读,从中选择有关同理心的界定与测量研究的文章。排除重复研究类文章。资料提炼:共收集到30篇关于同理心的界定与测量研究的文章和书籍,12篇文章及2本专著的观点被纳入本次综述。从中提炼到涉及同理心的界定,以及从认知角度、情感侧面、多维方式进行同理心测量的有关论述。资料综合:同理心的概念经历了认知取向的同理心概念、情感取向的同理心概念向多维取向的同理心概念的转变。由于涉及不同的同理心定义与结构的解释或学说,每一个研究者的同理心测量方法很不一致。结论:同理心这一概念在各文献中的界定是非常复杂和混乱的,应该探讨在不同语言和文化中“同理心”界定的共性与差异。目前已有的多维量表缺少同时效度和预测效度的分析,需进一步完善。

OBJECTIVE： To summarize and analyze the oversea researches about the specification and measurement of empathy, so as to provide enlightenment for the study of Chinese empathy. DATA SOURCES： An online search of Psychological database was undertaken to identify relevant papers about specification and measurement of empathy published in English from January 1965 to December 1998 by using the keyword of ＂empathy＂. Meanwhile relevant Chinese and English book were also referred to. STUDY SELECTION： The obtained articles were read though carefully about empathy. The repetitive studies were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 30 articles and books about the specification and measurement of empathy were collected, the viewpoints in 12 articles and 2 professional works were involved in this review. The specification of empathy was extracted, and the discussion about the measurement of empathy from cognitive angle, emotional side by means of multiple dimensions were also extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS： The concept that empathy has experienced the cognition orientation, the emotion orientation to the multi-dimensional orientation transformation,Beeause it involves the different empathy definition and the structure explanation or the theory, each researcher＇s empathy measuring technique is very inconsistent, CONCLUSION： The concept that empathy in various literature limits is extremely complex and chaotic, the limits of general character and the difference for empathy should be discussed in different languages and cultures. At present, the has been multidimensional measurement in lack of analysis of concurrent validity and predictive validity, which needs further consummate,