河北省成年人身体形态现状的抽样调查

Sampling survey on the current situation of body shape in adults of Hebei province

目的:分析成年人不同职业人群身体形态现状,寻找其特点和规律,以期据此制订和采取有针对性的干预措施。方法:于2000-07采用分层整群的随机抽样方法将石家庄、沧州、承德3个城市不同性别的城市非体力劳动者、城市体力劳动者、农民3类职业人群的20～59岁公民5184人作为体质监测与问卷调查对象。20～39岁为成年甲组,40～59岁为成年乙组。在调查过程中先后查阅《中国成年人体质监测报告》;《体育科学研究原理与方法》;《体育测量与评价》等多项国内公开发表的相关研究成果,用以指导本次调查。并依据国家体育总局制订的《2000年国民体质监测工作手册》规范操作,对3类职业人群样本的形态指标(包括身高、体质量、胸围、腰围、臀围及皮褶厚度等)进行测试。通过类比推理、归纳与演绎推理等方法进行逻辑分析,以发现规律、找出发展趋势、提出相应对策。对所有数据用齐性检验和多重比较。结果:实际监测3个市9个县(区)选取的5184人。剔除不合格样本,4800人进入结果分析。①不同职业人群身高差异比较:城市非体力劳动者和城市体力劳动者高于农民。城市非体力劳动者、城市体力劳动者25～29岁年龄段身高达到高峰值,随后逐年缓慢下降。男子40～49岁呈一平台,女子出现衰减的年龄在40～49岁。②不同职业人群体质量差异比较:城市男子非体力劳动者和城市体力劳动者>农民,成年乙组中女性城市非体力劳动者>农民和城市体力劳动者。不同职业人群20～24岁时体质量最轻,女子25～34岁时体质量上升较快。城市非体力和城体力女性40～44岁以后体质量达到最大值。③不同职业人群3围差异比较:男性农民胸围、腰围、臀围<城市非体力劳动者。女性城市体力劳动者>城市非体力劳动者。不同职业人群3围随年龄逐渐上升,45岁以后达到相对稳定阶段熏男性农民群体40～44岁之间下降较为明显。④不同职业人群皮褶厚度差异比较:城市非体力劳动者的上臂、肩胛及腹部皮褶厚度>城市体力劳动者>农民。女性腹部皮褶增幅较大。男性农民肩胛、腹部皮褶在35～49岁阶段则有下降趋势。结论:3种职业人群中农民身高平均值最低,3项围度及皮褶厚度中,城市非体力劳动者较胖,其次是城市体力劳动者和农民,表明农民整体身体形态较好。女子上臂、肩胛及腹部的皮褶厚度增长幅度明显大于男子,腹部皮褶增幅更为明显。体质量的变化在20～24岁和40～44岁两个重要阶段,应加强此期间的行为干预,使机体营养摄入与能量消耗达到平衡。

AIM： To analyze the current status of body shape in adults engaged in different jobs, and seek the characteristics and regularities, so as to establish and adopt pertinent interventional measures, METHODS： In July 2000,totally 5184citizens aged 20-59 of both genders, who were urban non-manual workers, urban manual workers and farmers in Shijiazhuang, Changzhou and Chengde, were selected by means of stratified cluster random sampling as the subjects of the physical fitness monitoring and questionnaire investigation. Those of 20-39 years old were taken as adult group A, and those of 40-59 years old as adult group B, Surveillance Report on the Physical Fitness In Chinese Adults. Research Principle and Method of Physical Education Science, Measurement and Evaluation of Physical Education, and other relevant investigative outcomes, which were publicly published in China, were searched to instruct the investigation. According to the specification of Citizen＇s Physical Fitness Surveillance Manual in 2000 set by State Sports General Administration, the indexes of body shape （body height, body mass, chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference and skinfolds）were measured in the subjects of the 3 kinds of jobs.Logic analysis was conducted by means of analog inference, induction and deductive inference, so as to discover the regularities, find out developing trend and suggest corresponding countermeasures. All the data were analyzed with the homogeneity test and multiple comparison. RESULTS： Totally 5 184 subjects selected from 9 counties （districts） of 3 cities were actually monitored, the unqualified were deleted, and finally 4800 of them were involved in the analysis of results. ① Comparison of body height among the subjects engaged in different jobs： It was higher in urban non-manual and manual workers than in farmers. The body height reached the peak value at 25-29 years in urban non-manual and manual workers,and then slowly decreased years by years. It was flat at 40-49 years old in males, and attenuated at 40-49 years old in females. ② Comparison of body mass among the subjects engaged in different jobs： It was greater in male urban non-manual and manual workers than in farmers; In adult group B, it was greater in female urban non-manual workers than in farmers and urban manual workers.Among the subjects engaged in different jobs, the body mass was the smallest at 20-24 years, and increased more quickly at 25-34 years in females.The body mass reached the maximal value at 40-44 years in female urban non-manual and manual workers. ③ Comparison of chest, waist and hip circumferences among the subjects engaged in different jobs： The chest, waist and hip circumferences were bigger in male farmers then in male urban non-manual workers, also bigger in female urban manual workers than in female urban non-manual workers. The chest, waist and hip circumferences were increased gradually with age in the subjects engaged in different jobs, and kept stable after 45 years old, but decreased more obviously in male farmers at 40-44 years old. ④ Comparison of skinfolds among the subjects engaged in different jobs： The skinfolds of upper arm, scapula and abdomen was thicker in urban non-manual workers than urban manual workers, which were both thicker than in farmers. The increased range of abdominal skinfold was greater in females. The skinfolds of scapula and abdomen in male farmers showed a decreasing trend at 35-49 years. CONCLUSION： Among the subjects engaged in the 3 jobs, average value of body height was the lowest in farmers. For the chest, waist and hipcircumferences and skinfolds, the urban non-manual workers were fatter, followed by urban manual workers and farmers, indicating that the general body shape of farmers is better. The increased ranges of skinfolds of upper arm, scapula and abdomen in females were greater than those in males, and that of abdomen was more obvious. The change of body mass exits at two important stages of 20-24 and 40-44 years old, so the behavior interventions should be reinforced to balance the nutritional intake and energy expenditure of organ,