冬季野外训练对战士心理和免疫功能的影响

Influence of winter training in open country on the psychological health and immunological function of soldiers

目的:观察冬季野外训练前后战士心理和免疫功能的变化,并探讨两者之间的关系。方法:选择2004-11/2004-12某部步兵参加冬季野外训练战士110名,男性,年龄18～22岁,军龄1～3年,实验时间为10d。采用症状自评量表(共90个项目,分0～4级评分,0分为无;1分为轻度;2分为中度;3分为相当重;4分为严重)进行症状评估;采用艾森克成人个性问卷(包括4个人格维度:神经质、精神质、掩饰分值越高表示性格越倾向该维度;内外向分值越高,表示性格越倾向外向)进行个性评定。并对血清白细胞介素2浓度、自然杀伤细胞及CD4+/CD8+细胞比率测定并进行相关分析。结果:110名战士完成测试,血样均合格。①受试战士症状自评量表各因子测评结果:冬训后躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对比冬训前明显降低(1.18±0.23熏1.32±0.55熏1.23±0.41熏1.21±0.42熏1.38±0.32熏1.22±0.33鸦1.68±0.35熏1.72±0.42熏1.53±0.38熏1.52±0.43熏1.56±0.39熏1.61±0.46熏t=2.77～7.26熏P<0.05)。②艾克森成人个性问卷测评结果:冬训后精神质、神经质比冬训前明显增高(5.41±2.13熏8.17±3.89鸦3.35±1.87熏10.13±3.47熏t=2.78熏3.56熏P<0.05)。③免疫功能结果比较:冬训后白细胞介素2、CD4+/CD8+、自然杀伤细胞较冬训前明显降低眼(5.35±7.84熏8.58±5.92)(1.34±0.14熏1.48±0.21)(36.32±3.43熏43.28±3.62)%,t=1.97-3.11,P<0.05演。④不同个性特征的战士血清细胞介素2、CD4+/CD8+的变化:冬训后较冬训前明显降低眼精神质(4.75±8.74熏1.29±0.11鸦8.47±5.67,1.49±0.21);神经质穴4.68±8.37熏1.30±0.12鸦8.13±6.22熏1.47±0.24雪熏t=2.31熏P<0.05演。结论:冬季野外训练对战士的心理应激反应和免疫功能有不同程度的影响,而且免疫功能的变化与心理状态和个性特征有关。

AIM： To observe the changes of the psychological health and immunological function in soldiers before and after the winter training in open country, and investigate the association between them. METHODS： Between November 2004 and December 2004, 110 male soldiers aged 18-22 years in an infantry, who had enrolled for 1-3 years, participated in winter training in open country for 10 days. Their symptoms were assessed with symptom checklist-90 （SCL-90, consisted of 90 items, scored by 4 grades： 0 as none, 1 as mile, 2 as moderate, 3 as quiet serious, 4 as severe）. Their personalities were evaluated with the Eysenck personahty questionnaire （EQP）, included four personality dimensions： neuroticism,psychoticism, lie （the higher the score, the more the personality tended to the dimension） and introversion-extraversion （the higher the score, the more extraversion）. The concentration of interleukin-2 in serum, natural killer cell and CD4^＋/CD8^＋ ratio were detected, and the correlations were also analyzed. RESULTS： All the 110 soldiers finished the test, and all the blood samples were qualified. ① The factor scores of SCL-90 in the soldiers： The scores of somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety and hostility after winter training were obviously decreased as compared with those before winter training （1.18±0.23, 1.32±0.55, 1.23±0.41, 1.21±0.42, 1.38±0.32, 1.22±0.33; 1.68±0.35, 1.72±0.42, 1.53±0.38, 1.52±0.43, 1.56±0.39, 1.61±0.46, t=2.77-7.26, P〈0.05）. ② Scores of EPQ： The scores of psychoticism and neuroticism were obviously increased after training than before training （5.41±2.13, 8.17±3.89; 3.35±1.87, 10.13±3.47, t=2.78, 3.56, P〈0.05）. ③ Comparison of immunological function： The interleukin-2, CD4^＋/CD8^＋ and natural killer cell after winter training were obviously decreased as compared with those before winter training [（5.35±7.84）, （8.58±5.92）; （1.34±0.14）, （1.48±0.21）; （36.32±3.43）, （43.28±3.62）%, t=1.97-3.11, P〈0.05]. ④ The changes of interleukin-2 and CD4^＋/CD8^＋ in soldiers of different personalities： Those were obviously decreased after winter training as compared with before training [psychoticism： （4.75±8.74）, （1.29±0.11）; （8.47±5.67）, （1.49±0.21）; neuroticism： （4.68±8.37）, （1.30±0.12）; （8.13±6.22）, （1.47±0.24）, t=2.31, P〈0.05]. CONCLUSION： Winter training in, open country has different influence on the psychological stress and immunological function of soldiers, and the changes of immunological function have association with their psychological status and personality characteristics.