体育舞蹈对大学生身心健康的影响(英文)

Effect of dance-sport on physical-psychological health of university students

背景:体育舞蹈是大学体育教学的一个新兴运动项目,它融体育、音乐、舞蹈于一体,不仅能够发展大学生的身体素质、运动技能,同时对大学生心理健康有积极的影响。目的:分析观察大学生在体育舞蹈学习训练后,心理健康状况、身体素质及音乐修养等各方面的变化。设计:以体育舞蹈选修班学生为观察对象的横断面调查。单位:中国矿业大学体育学院。对象:于2002-09/2003-01选择中国矿业大学2001级体育舞蹈选项班学生116人为观察对象。所有受试者均为第一次选修体育舞蹈课。发放症状自评量表120份,收回116份,男生、女生各58人,平均年龄19.7岁。方法:问卷调查:采用症状自评量表评估学生的心理健康状况,以躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执和精神病性等9项因子为主要观察指标,采用5级评分,1,2,3,4,5分别表示无、轻、中、重、极重。测试:按照规定的音乐速度进行心率及音乐测试,以观察学生身体素质的变化及听懂音乐节奏的能力。同时查阅有关教育学、心理学、体育学等方面文献杂志为本文提供理论依据。分别于本学期上课前和学期结束两次发放,回收量表并进行音乐测试,于学期结束后进行心率测试。主要观察指标:受试者前后两次症状自评量表评分及阳性数和总均分与全国常模的比较;受试者心率及音乐测试结果。结果:发放量表120份,收回116份,回收率为97%。①症状自评量表评分结果:受试者于学期结束后症状自评量表测试9项因子中抑郁、敌对和阳性数得分明显低于学期上课前(P<0.01-0.05),在躯体化,人际关系、抑郁、敌对和总均分得分明显低于全国常模(P<0.01-0.05)。②体育舞蹈与身体素质:体育舞蹈中不同舞类最高心率、最低心率及平均心率分别为(155-194)次/min、(114-140)次/min、(138-169)次/min,运动量属于中上等,能够使心血管系统、心肺功能、耐力等多方面都得到很好的锻炼,长期练习还可以使练习者形体得到锻炼。③体育舞蹈对学生音乐修养的影响:在学习体育舞蹈课前93.1%的学生都听不懂音乐节奏或听懂音乐节奏而步法与节奏不同步,通过体育舞蹈学习,听不懂音乐节奏或听懂音乐节奏而步法与节奏不同步的学生只占2.5%。结论:体育舞蹈不仅能改善学生的心理健康水平和身体素质,还能逐渐提高他们的音乐、艺术修养,是有益于身心健康的群众性体育运动。

BACKGROUND： Dance-sport is a newly emerging sport item, integrating sport with music and dance. It not only develops physical diathesis and sport skills, but also actively affects psychological health of university students. OBJECTIVE： To analyze and observe the changes in psychological health, physical diathesis and musical cultivation after dance-sport training for university students. DESIGN： Cross-section investigation was designed, in which, the students in elective class of dance-sport were taken as objects. SETTING： Department of Physical Education of China University of Mining and Technology.PARTICIPANTS： Totally 116 students were collected from 2001 ＇elective class of danceport in China University of Mining and Technology from September 2001 to January 2003. All of receptors selected dance-sport at the first time. Of 120 copies of Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） were provided and 116 of those were returned, in which, 58 students were either male or female, aged averagely 19.7 years. METHODS： Questionnaire： SCL-90 was used to evaluate 9 main outcome measures, named psychological health, somatization, obsessive compulsive （o-c） symptoms, personal relations, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobism, paranoid ideation and metal disorder; in which, 5 grades were adopted, named 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 grades, to represent no, mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe impacts successively. Test： according to stipulated music rate, cardiac rate and music were tested so as to observe the changes in physical diathesis and capacity of musical rhythm understanding. Simultaneously, literatures were looked up on education, psychology and physical education to provide theoretic evidence for this paper. The questionnaire was provided before and after the semester respectively and returned for music test. Test on cardiac rate was performed at the end of semester. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Comparison among the results of two SCL-90 evaluations, positive number and total average result in receptors and national norm. Result of cardiac rate and music test in receptors. RESULTS： Totally 120 copies were provided, 116 of them were returned and the rate of return was 97%. ① Result of SCL-90： At the end of semester, the results of depression, hostility and positive number of 9 items in the checklist were lower remarkably than those before the semester （P〈0.01-0.05）; the results of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility and total average result were lower remarkably than national norm （P〈0.01-0.05）. ② Dance-sport and physical diathesis： Among various dances in sport, the highest, lowest and average cardiac rates were （115-194） times/minute, （114-140） times/minute and （138- 169） times/minute successively. The amount of exercise is over moderate level and it benefits cardiac vascular system, functions of heart and lung, endurance, etc. Long-term exercise will be good for the physique. ③ Impacts of dance-sport on music cultivation： Before the class, 93.1% of students did not understand musical rhythm or they understood the rhythm, but it is hard for their steps followed the rhythm. After the course of dance-sport, only 2.5% of students did not understand and follow musical rhythm. CONCLUSION： Dance-sports improves not only psychological health and physical diathesis of students, but also their musical and art cultivation. It is mass sports activity, benefiting the health both physically and mentally.