宪政模式转型与近代英国崛起

The transformation of constitutional government pattern and the springing up of modern Britain

中世纪英国的宪政模式是司法型的,国王权力在司法领域受到一定的限制,但是在政治领域却不受限制。而伴随着近代早期英国国王所代表的行政权力强大,司法领域越来越难以约束和规范国王的权力。最终,英国通过将中世纪司法机构的议会改造成近代立法机构的议会,来实施对国王行政权力的政治规范和约束,并完成了代议制型宪政模式建构。司法型宪政模式向代议制型宪政模式的转变,标识了近代英国宪政模式的转型。宪政模式转型完善了英国市场经济体制,从而也就为近代英国的崛起奠定了体制基础。

British constitutional govemment pattem in the Middle Ages is the judicature, authority of the king gets the certain limit in the judicial field, but the political field. However, with strengthening of the administrative authority controlled by British king in earliest times, the power of the king is restrained difficultly by judicial field. Finally, Britain controlled the king＇ s administrative authority politically through the transformation from the judicature organization parliament in the Middle Ages to the modem legislation institution parliament, and finished establishing the constitutional gevemment pattern with the representative system. The transformation from the judicature to the representative system has marked the change of the modem Britain constitutional government pattern. The change of the constitutioonal governmerit pattern has improved the British market economy system, thus it also has established the system foundation for the springing up of modem Britain,