中国如何突破生物柴油产业的原料瓶颈

How to Secure Triacylglycerol Supply for Chinese Biodiesel Industry

因应我国日益严峻的能源资源、能源环境和能源安全形势,国家大力倡导发展可再生能源。生物柴油是最重要的液体可再生燃料之一,在能源性质方面可以完全替代化石柴油,而且还具有安全环保等其它优良特性。当前利用动植物油脂生产生物柴油,原料成本偏高,而且稳定、充足的油脂原料供应体系尚未形成。我国是油脂资源短缺国家,近年来植物油进口量逐年增加。同时,我国耕地资源匮乏,粮食供应形势不容乐观,扩大油料作物种植的潜力非常有限。但是,我国宜林地丰富,农林废弃生物质资源量巨大。综合以上因素,我国应重点发展木本油料植物规模化种植和推广,加快微生物油脂发酵技术创新和产业化进程;同时,利用植物遗传育种技术提高油料作物产量以及选择性发展不与粮争地的油料作物。依靠各方面的进步,发展创新的油脂生产技术,保障我国生物柴油产业和油脂化工行业健康发展。

To handle constantly deteriorated situation of national energy supply, energy environment and energy security, Chinese government established strategic policy to implement renewable energy development. For fuels, China is a country heavily depending on diesel consumption. Biodiesel, made from triacylglycerol of all origins, is a renewable fuel readily applicable to all diesel engines, and is considered as the most important bio- based fuel in the future. Various renewable lipids, including rapeseed oil, soybean oil and palm oil, etc. , have been chosen as feedstock for biodiesel production worldwide. In China, however, oil crops produce lipids of around 10 million tones every year, which is not even enough for food. Edible oil import in recent years is continuously increasing. China is also short of arable land, putting more restriction to oil crops. To secure lipids supply for Chinese biodiesel industry, three general suggestions are ： （ 1 ） to explore woody oil plants that grow on non-arable land; （2） to produce microbial oil from biomass; （3） to develop oil crops that utilize marginal or set- aside land. More attention should be paid to microbial oil technology, as it virtually needs no extra farmland while conversion of agricultural residues and other lignocellulosic biomass into lipids.