血管紧张素转换酶基因插入缺失多态性与心肺功能适应性的研究

The study of the relationship between the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and the cardiorespiratory fitness

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)插入/缺失(I/D)型等位基因与心肺功能适应性的关系。方法收集126名男性健康志愿者,分为体育锻炼组(锻炼组)65名,对照组61名,进行为期5年的前瞻性试验。锻炼组进行低中强度规律的体育锻炼,对照组不强求进行体育锻炼。试验时及以后每年进行踏车运动试验,测定有氧阈值等心肺功能适应性指标;用多聚酶链反应法分析ACE基因第16内含子I/D多态性。结果锻炼组有氧阈值试验前后分别为(14.4±3.9)ml·min-1·kg-1和(16.4±4.1)ml·min-1·kg-1,对照组分别为(14.2±3.6)ml·min-1·kg-1和(13.8±3.3)ml·min-1·kg-1,锻炼组试验前与试验后及对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);锻炼组II、ID、DD基因型者有氧阈值试验前分别为(13.6±4.1)ml·min-1·kg-1、(14.8±3.7)ml·min-1·kg-1和(14.7±3.8)ml·min-1·kg-1,试验后分别为(15.8±3.6)ml·min-1·kg-1、(17.2±4.6)ml·min-1·kg-1和(15.2±3.5)ml·min-1·kg-1,对照组分别为(13.8±2.9)ml·min-1·kg-1、(14.4±3.9)ml·min-1·kg-1和(13.9±4.1)ml·min-1·kg-1,试验后分别为(13.3±3.5)ml·min-1·kg-1、(14.4±3.3)ml·min-1·kg-1和(13.1±2.6)ml·min-1·kg-1,锻炼组II、ID基因型者试验前与试验后及对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),DD基因型者有氧阈值试验前与试验后及对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。结论低中强度规律的体育锻炼能显著提高心肺功能;ACEII、ID基因型者较DD基因型者的心肺功能易通过体育锻炼而提高。

Objective To explore the relationship between the angiotensin-converting enzyme （ACE） gene inserton/deledon（I/D） polymorphism and the cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods One hundred twenty six male subjects were recruited and randomized into a physical exercise（n： 65） or a control group （n = 61）. The men in the physical intensity physical exercise for 5 years. The men exercise group were trained with mild-moderate in the control group were advised to make their personal choice whether or not to engage in physical exercise. The cardiorespiratory fitness indices, e.g. aerobic threshold were measured at baseline and annually. The I/D polymorphism in the 16^th intron of ACE gene was analysed by polymerase chain reaction. Results At baseline, the aerobic threshold was （14.4 ± 3. 9）ml·min^-1·kg^-1 in the physical exercise group. After 5-year physical exercise, the aerobic threshold was （16.4 ± 4.1）ml·min^-1·kg^-1 in the physical exercise group. At baseline, the aerobic thresholds was（ 14.2±3.6）ml·min^-1·kg^-1 in the control group. After 5 years, the aerobic threshold was（13.8 ± 3.3）ml·min^-1·kg^-1 in the control group. After 5 year physical exercise, compared with the baseline and the control group, the aerobic threshold increased significantly in the physical exercise group（both,P〈0.05）. At baseline, the aerobic thresholds were （13.6± 4. 1）ml·min^-1·kg^-1 ,（14.8±3.7） ml·min^-1·kg^-1 ,（14.7 ± 3.8）ml·min^-1·kg^-1 for the II, ID, DD genotypes, respectively, in the physical exercise group; After 5-year physical exercise, the aerobic thresholds were （15.8 ± 3.6 ）ml·min^-1·kg^-1, （17.2 ± 4.6）ml·min^-1·kg^-1,（ 15.2 ± 3.5）ml·min^-1·kg^-1 for the II,ID,DD genotypes, respectively, in the physical exercise group. At baseline, the aerobic thresholds in the control grop were （13.8 ±2.9 ）ml·min^-1·kg^-1,（14.4 ± 3.9 ）ml·min^-1·kg^-1 （13.9 ± 4.1） ml·min^-1·kg^-1 for the II,ID,DD genotypes, respectively; After 5 years, the aerobic thresholds were （13.3 ± 3.5） ml· min· kg^-1 , （14.4 ± 3.3 ）ml· min· kg^-1,（ 13.1 ± 2.6 ）ml· min· kg^-1 for the II,ID,DD genotypes, respectively, in the control group. After 5 year physical exercise, compared with the baseline and the control group, the subjects with ACE II, ID genotypes in the exercise group showed significant increase in the aerobic threshold（both,P〈0.05）. But, after 5-year physical exercise, compared with the baseline and the control group, the subjects with ACE DD genotypes in the exercise group did not show signi{icant changes in the aerobic threshold （ both, P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions Regular low to moderate intensity physical exercise can increase aerobic threshold and improve cardiorespiratory fitness. Compared with the subjects with the ACE DD genotypes, the cardiorespiratory fitness can be improved more easily for the subjects with the ACE II,ID genotypes.