不同生长期皱纹盘鲍对水温适应能力的比较

Comparison on adaptability of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino to temperatures at different growing stages

将皱纹盘鲍依壳长分为4个组群,分别为4月龄组、1龄组、2龄组和3龄以上组.比较研究环境水温对皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)生长的影响以及不同发育阶段个体间的生长差异,结果表明,温度对皱纹盘鲍的生长影响显著,不同发育期的皱纹盘鲍对水温变化的适应能力不同.成鲍期生长适宜水温为10～22℃,水温高于26℃或者低于0℃出现死亡;壳长10～25 mm的1龄鲍生长适宜水温为15～22℃,当水温升至26℃或者降至4℃时摄食量剧减,生长停滞;低于4℃则出现死亡;壳长3～6mm的4月龄鲍15℃以上开始生长,22℃生长最快.幼鲍阶段对水温变化的适应能力比成鲍弱,个体越小适应能力越弱.温度变化幅度加大时,鲍对水温的适应能力减弱.

The comprehensive studies on the effects of water temperature acting on different growing periods of abalone （Haliotis discus hannai Ino） were seldom reported. In this experiment, four groups of abalone were designed according to their growing stages, which were 4 months old （shell length 3 - 6 mm）, 1 year old （shell length 10- 25 mm）, 2 years old （shell length 30- 45 mm）, and 3 years old （shell length 68- 80 mm）, respectively. In developmental biology, the four groups belonged to four different growing stages, which were early cubhood abalone before food transition （mostly ingest demersal diatom）, cubhood abalone after food transition （mostly ingest the seedling of kelp）, early adult abalone and late adult abalone （all mostly ingest kelp）. The first three groups were artificially cultivated, and the last group was collected from the inshore of Dalian and was artificially fed for two weeks. The experimental container was cylindraceous glass with diameter 250 mm and volume 10 L. The experimental water temperature was 0 - 28℃. The results showed that water temperature had distinct effects on growth of abalone. The adaptability of abalone to the change of temperature was not the same for different sized individuals. The optimum tempera- ture of adult abalone was 10 - 22℃. When the temperature was over 26℃ or below 0℃ , the abalone began to die. The temperature fit for the growth of 1-year-old abalone was 15 - 22℃. The feeding rate would be reduced obviously and the growth would stop when the water temperature was 26℃ or 4℃. For the 4-month-old abalone, the growth started when water temperature reached 15℃, and the growth rate was the highest at 22℃. The adaptability to the change of temperature in cubhood abalone was weaker than that in adult abalone, and the smaller the body size, the weaker the adaptability. When the fluctuation of water temperature increased, the adaptability of ablone became weak.