温泉型氟病区开展健康教育后防治效果分析

Effect of health education in endemic flourosis area of spring type

目的通过了解氟病区实施健康教育后,氟中毒患病情况,变化规律及效果,以便探索防制策略。方法调查健康教育方案实施前后氟中毒患病情况,分别进行比较。调查内容包括患氟斑牙及氟骨症的人数;水、尿、土壤、农作物、空气中含氟量。结果实施健康教育前儿童氟斑牙检出率95.7%(453/473),成人氟骨症检出率67.0%(110/164),成人及8～12岁学生尿氟均值分别为3.4、2.7mg/L,温泉水氟9.2mg/L,河流、池塘水氟0.6mg/L,土壤氟5.1mg/kg,室内空气含氟量0.01mg/m3。实施健康教育后,氟斑牙检出率6.9%(16/228),氟骨症检出率19.0%(19/100),成人及8￣12岁学尿氟均值分别为1.1、1.0mg/L,河流、池塘水氟0.5mg/L,土壤氟5.2mg/kg,室内空气含氟量0.01mg/m3。结论实施健康教育后,温泉型氟病区由氟中毒中等病区达到了基本消灭区,开展健康教育是防治地氟病的重要措施。

Objective To find the preventive countermeasures of endemic fluorosis in China by investigating the changes of morbidity of fluorosis and the changing pattern of the disease after people in endemic fluorosis areas have been received health education. Methods Before and after health education, morbidities of dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis were investigated, fluoride content in water, urine, soil, plant and air was detected. Results In endemic fluorosis areas before they received health education, more than 95.7% of people were threatened by dental fluorosis. 67.0% of people were threatened by skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride content reached 3.4 mg/L in the urine of the elderlies, but it was 2.7 mg/L in the urine of students （all the students aged 8 to 12）, it was 9.2 mg/L, 0.6 mg/L, 5.1 mg/kg and 0.01 mg/m3 in spring, rivers （including pools）, soil and the air respectively. After health education, only 6.9% of people were threatened by dental fluorosis and 19% of people were threatened by skeletal fluorosis. In the urine of adults and school children, fluoride content was 1.1 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. The fluoride content was 9.2 mg/L in spring, 0.5 mg/L in the rivers and the pools, 5.2 mg/kg in soil, 0.01 mg/m3 in the air. Conclusions After we have carried out health education, the disease status of the spring fluorosis changes from moderate endemic to basic radication. Health educaion is a very important preventive countermeasure.