从普遍联系到完全孤立——兼谈生态美学如何可能

From the Universal Interconnectedness to the Radical Isolatedness:How So-called Eco-aesthetics is Possible

生态美学主要包含两方面的意思:一是指以自然生态的审美价值为研究对象的美学,一是指将自然当作生态系统看时引起的美学问题。迄今为止的生态美学都是建立在所谓的生态观念或生态智慧的基础上。这种生态观念或生态智慧的核心是普遍联系,所有事物都被视为与其他事物有关的,从而所有事物都具有决定其他事物之所是的意义。但这种普遍联系的观念与其说可以适当地发展出一种生态美学,不如说可以适当地发展出一种生态伦理学和生态知识论。相反,生态美学如果能够成立,只能建立在完全孤立的观念上。根据完全孤立的观念,所有自然物都是美的,但这并不是因为所有自然物在任何意义上是一样的,而是所有自然物都是同样的不一样。根据这种生态美学,我们可以适当提出“自然全美”的主张。

So-called Eco-aesthetics can be understood in two ways. First, it is a branch of aesthetics that focuses on the aesthetic value of natural eco-system. Second, it means a kind of aesthetics which mainly deals with the aesthetic problems derived from seeing world as an eco-system. So far, eco-aesthetics is to a large extent based on the eco-worldviews or ecosophies, the core of which is the idea of universal interconnectedness - everything is seen as a part of implicating, and being implicated in, the identities of other things. But this idea of universal interconnectedness can be developed into a kind of eco-ethics or eco-epistemology rather than a kind of eco-aesthetics. Rather, eco-aesthetics is possible if and only if it is based on the idea of radical isolatedness. From the perspective of isolatedness, all natural things can be seen as equally beautiful. But it does not mean that every natural thing is the same in any sense but that every natural thing is equally unique. From the perspective of this eco-aesthetics, we can reasonably say that all natural things are equally beautiful.