云南省无量山自然保护区小型兽类群落结构及垂直分布研究

Community Structure and Vertical Distribution of Small Mammals in Wuliang Mountain Nature Reserve,Yunnan Province,China

目的对云南省无量山自然保护区小型兽类群落结构、垂直分布及动物区系进行调查.方法采用铗日法,在云南无量山的4个垂直植被带:Ⅰ.暖温性针叶林和温性常绿阔叶林带(1 200～2 000m);Ⅱ.暖温性常绿阔叶林带(1 900～2 700m);Ⅲ.温性针阔叶混交林带(2 700～2 930m);Ⅳ.寒温性亚高山灌丛草甸带(2 930m及以上).分别捕捉取样,每带投铗数不少于1 100个,每日收集捕获的动物标本,分类鉴定登记计数.结果共捕获小兽26种 803 只,隶属于鼠科(Muridae)12种,松鼠科(Sciuridae)1种,鼩鼱科(Soricidae) 7种 ,鼹科(Talpidae)2种,猬科(Erinaceidae)1种,树鼩科 (Tupaiidae)1种和鼬科(Mustelidea)1种.其中东洋界有23 种,占88.46%;古北界3 种,占11.54% .无量山4个植被物种多样性指数分别如下:Ⅰ. 2.193 1;Ⅱ. 1.673 2;Ⅲ. 1.806 8 和Ⅳ. 1.796 6.云南省无量山小兽优势种主要由中华姬鼠(Apodemus draco)、大绒鼠(Eothenomys millet)、社鼠( Niviventer confucianus)、针毛鼠(N.fulvescens)、灰腹鼠 (N.eha)、锡金小鼠 (Mus pahari)、卡氏小鼠(M.caroli)、印度长尾鼩(Soriculus leucops)和中华新猬(Neotetracus sinensiss)组成.结论云南省无量山小兽群落物种多样性指数相对较高,群落相对稳定,存在着多种疾病的宿主动物.

Objective The community structure, vertical distribution and fauna were studied in Wuliangshan Mountain, Yunnan Province, China. Methods Wuliang Mountain Nature Reserve was divided into four sections which were, 1. the warm needle .- leafed and wet evergreen broadleaf forest; 2. the wet evergreen broadleaf forest; 3. the cool - temperature coniferous and broadleaf forest and 4. the subalpine bush and meadow. The small mammal was captured by trap in these four sections in Wuliang Mountain Nature Reserve and collected the small mammal everyday. More than 1 100 traps were put in each section. Results Totallay 803 individuals belonging to 26 species, 21genera and 7 families were captured with 12 species of Muridae, 1 species of Sciuridae, 7 species of Soricidae, 2 species of Talpidae, 1 species, Tupaiidae was 1 species and Mustelidea was 1 species. The 23 species （ 88.46% ） belonged to Oriental realm and 3 species （ 11.54% ） belonged to Palaearctic realm. The diversity indexes of the vertical zone were as followings ： 1. the warm needle- leafed and wet evergreen broadleaf forest ： 2. 193 1 ;2. the wet evergreen broadleaf forest ： 1. 673 2 ; 3. the cool - temperature coniferous and broadleaf forest ： 1. 806 8 and 4. the subalpine bush and grasslands ： 1. 796 6. The dominant species were Apodemus draco , Eothenomys millet, Niviventer confucianus , N. fulvescens , N. eha ,Mus pahari, M. caroli, Soriculus leucops and Neotetracus sinensiss in Wuliang Mountain Nature Reserve. Conclusions The diversity indexes are higher and the community structure of small mammal remains stable and there are many kinds of hosts of the diseases in Wuliang Mountain Nature Reserve.