理学家的情欲心理思想与艺术心理的关系

Relation Between Philosophers' Lust Ideology and Their Artistic Mentality

把“欲”与“情”密切联系起来研究,是中国古代心理学思想的一个重要特点;宋明理学把这个问题提到空前重要的地位,“理欲”是理学的一对基本范畴。理学在理欲问题上的保守性、狭隘性,对文学艺术起到钳制作用。朱熹对二程有所修正,他不满于别的理学家只说心性而不说情,自己用不少力气讨论情和欲,并且对人欲加以划分, 认为可以有“好的”和“不好的”之分,而不是象二程等人对欲一概否定。这就给人欲留下了一片得以存在、得以实现的空间,在理学严格拘管的背景下,这是一片很难得的空间。朱熹的一个贡献,是否定诗“序”对《诗经》“国风”里的大量情歌所作的政治影射的曲解,同时也是否定了程颐等人的阐释,而从“男女相与咏歌,各言其情”的角度来解释, 为后人开了一条新路。

To study the desire and affection together is an improtant feature of the ancient Chinese psychology. In Song and Ming Dynasties, this question was ever put in the unprecedentedly important position. Reason and desire are basic categories in ethics. The conservation and limitation of ethics are in fact obstacles of literature. Zhu Xi was not content whth the fact that some ethicians only talked about temperament rather than affection. He did a lot of afforts to discuss affection and desire. He also divided the disires into two main parts：the good desires and the evil desires. He was against that the two Mr. Cheng denied both of them. This leaves some room for the existence of people＇ s desires. Under the strict restriction of ethics, this is some rare space, Zhu Xi denied that the love songs in the Book of Odes had bad influence on politics. This is one of Zhu Xi＇s contributions. Meanwhile, the paper denies the explainations of Cheng Yi and it had paved a new way for literature in future.