康熙朝诸皇子奏折考辨

To Verify and Explain the Princes' Memorials during Emperor Kangxi Period

康熙朝诸皇子奏折是康熙朝奏折的重要组成部分,在清初奏折发展中也居于重要地位。通过对已刊康熙朝诸皇子奏折数量、分布情况的考察,可以发现,由于整理不当,今刊诸皇子奏折内容及进折时间多有错误,无年月奏折甚多。同时,由于康雍之际皇室内部斗争和第一历史档案馆整理时未行全译,致使其中阙漏严重,从而在一定程度上影响了《康熙朝满文朱批奏折全译》一书的学术质量。通过考辨,还可看出,奏折起源于顺治时期,其原始形态是皇室戚属致送皇帝及皇太后之请安折。康熙间,奏折使用范围扩及内外臣工,内容也改以政事为主。与之同时,在上行文书中的地位和作用也日益重要。作为奏折原始形态的继承,康熙朝诸皇子奏折亦呈现过渡状态。这些变化,对于当时政局和此后奏折发展方向,都产生了重要而深远的影响。

The Princes＇ Memorials during Emperor Kangxi period was one important part in Kangxi memorials and took a key role in the development of Qing memorials. The book, Kangxichao manwen zhupi zouzhe quanyi, had many mistakes about the princes＇ memorials with wrong contents and time. This article verified the memorials began in Shunzhi period, and the original memorials were aimed to pay respects to the Emperor and the Empress Dowager. The ministers began to use memorials to talk about the political matters in Kangxi period, and the memorials began more and more important. As one of the earliest memorials, the princes＇ also had a development period which influenced the political situation and the later style of memorials.