生态水力学耦合模型及其应用

Integrated ecohydraulics model and the application

生态水力学是研究水动力学和水生态系统动力学之间相互作用的一门新兴的交叉学科。它一方面研究水力条件的改变对水生态系统平衡以及生物多样性的影响,另一方面研究水生态系统的演变对水力情势的反作用。生态水力学模型是探讨这些复杂过程的有力工具,甚至可以用来评价生态恢复方案的效率。本文论述了生态水力学的研究目的和范围,并从三个方面阐述了建立耦合生态水力学模型的思路和方法,包括模型模式融合、模型方法集成和时空尺度耦合。模型在莱茵河下游生态栖息地评价和荷兰Veluwe湖沉水植物竞争性生长模拟等实例中的应用表明耦合生态水力学模型有很好的应用前景。

Ecohydraulics is an emergent interdisciplinary subject studying the interactions between hydrodynamics and aquatic ecosystem dynamics. It investigates on the one hand the effects of flow changes on the aquatic ecosystem and biodiversity, and on the other hand the evolution of aquatic ecosystem on the flow patterns. Ecohydraulics models are useful tools to facilitate the investigations of these complicated processes and even can serve to evaluate the efficiencies of ecological restoration programs. This paper describes an integrated approach to ecohydraulics modeling, which consists of three major aspects： integration of different paradigms, integration of different techniques and coupling of multiple spatial-temporal scales. The applications to simulation of macrophyte competitive growths in the Lake Veluwe and evaluation of habitat suitability in the lower reaches of River Rhine, the Netherlands, indicate that integrated models are practical and have promising perspectives.