甘蓝型油菜单倍体植株群体的构建

The Establishment of Haploid Plant Population of Brassica napus

以油菜双低(低芥酸、低硫苷)品种“沪油12”的小孢子来源植株为试验材料,研究了供体植株不同外植体部位不定芽再生情况及影响不定芽诱导的一些因素,并对甘蓝型油菜小孢子来源的再生组培苗进行了染色体倍性的鉴定。结果表明,利用节间茎段进行不定芽诱导是一种较好的快速再生植株方式,具有出芽快,遗传特性保持好的特点。茎段具有较强的不定芽分化能力,而叶柄和叶片难以诱导分化出芽。通过优化培养基,建立了甘蓝型油菜小孢子来源植株茎段高频不定芽再生系统。通过对甘蓝型油菜组培苗的叶片气孔保卫细胞和根尖染色体数目的观察,确定了一批小孢子来源的单倍体植株。

The plantlets derived from the microspores of B. napus cv. “Huyou 12” with double low （erucic acid and glucosinolate） content in rapeseed were used experimental materials, and the regeneration capacity of explants from different parts of them and the factors affecting regeneration were studied. The ploidy level of tissue-cultured plantlets was also determined. The results showed that the stem segments had a stronger regeneration capacity than the leaves and petiole, and using the stem segments to induce adventitious buds was a good way to rapidly regenerate plantlets, which had advantages of rapid germination and good genetic stability. Through optimizing differential media, a high inductivity system of adventitious buds of stem segments was established. The haploid plantlets were selected from plantlets derived from the microspores by estimating the circumference of foliar stoma guard cell and observing the root tip chromosome number.