日照近海金乌贼生物学的初步研究

Biology of Sepia esculenta from the Coastal Waters of Rizhao

为给金乌贼渔业的可持续发展提供依据,通过形态学观察及生物学测定,初步研究了山东日照岚山头近海金乌贼Sepia esculenta Hoyle, 1885的外部形态特征和生物学特性(胴长与体重组成、生长参数相关关系等),并结合相关资料,对其生活史进行了讨论.研究结果表明:金乌贼胴长(ML)与体重(TW)之间的关系为:TW幼体=6.0×10-4ML2.7626,TW♀=6.0×10-4ML2.7671,TW♂= 12.0×10-4ML2.5856;金乌贼为异速生长型,其生长迅速、个体生长差异较大;5～6月为金乌贼繁殖季节,成体交配产卵后死亡,属1年生头足类.

The golden cuttlefish, Sepia esculenta Hoyle, 1885（Cephalopoda： Sepioidea） is widely distributed in the Russian Far East Seas, coastal waters of China, Japan, Korea, and the Philippines. It is one of the most important commercial species in China and Japan. The biological characteristics of S. esculenta collected from the coastal waters of Rizhao were analyzed and presented in this paper. The frequencies of mantle length and body weight in different months and the growth of S. esculenta were studied through conventional measurement and statistical analysis. The relationships between some biological parameters were analyzed and the life history was discussed. There were some differences in the morphological features between the present study and the previous reports. S. esculenta grew rapidly and the body weight and mantle length decreased significantly in the post-reproduction period. The size difference among individuals was probably caused by the difference in hatching times. The relationships between mantle length and body weight, shell length and shell width, mantle length and mantle width were significantly different between males and females. The relationship between mantle length （ML, mm） and body weight（TW, g）was expressed by separate regression curves as follows, TWpremature = 6.0×10^-4 M L2.762 6, TW♀ = 6.0 ×10^-4 M L^2.767 1, TW ♂ = 12.0×10^-4 ML^2.585 6. The results showed that the females were heavier than the males of the same mantle length. The life span of S. esculenta is one year. In May and June, the adults spawn and then die out. From the end of June, juveniles appear, then grow rapidly and become adults by the next May or June.